Comparison of upper and lower extremity muscle strength, functional exercise capacity, balance and quality of life in patients with Type 2 diabetes and healthy ındividuals

Type 2 diabetes is the most prevalent form of diabetes in the adult population and accounts for more than 90 % of all cases of diabetes worldwide, but it negatively impacts several organs and systems. Studies which investigating upper extremity functional exercise capacity in patients with type 2 diabetes are limited in literatüre. The aim of this study was to compare respiratory and peripheral muscle strength, lower and upper extremity functional exercise capacity, physical activity level, quality of life, balance, and cognitive function in patients with type 2 diabetes and healthy individuals. Respiratory muscle (MIP, MEP) strength (mouth pressure device), functional exercise capacity [6 Minute Walking Test (6-MWT)], upper extremity functional exercise capacity [6 Minute Pegboard and Ring Test (6-PBRT)], peripheral muscle strength (digital hand dynamometer), physical activity level [International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ)], quality of life [Short Form-36 (SF-36)], balance (Mini-BESTest), cognitive functions [Standardized Mini Mental State Test (MMSE)] and dyspnea (MMRC dyspnea scale) were evaluated. Twenty-six patients with type 2 diabetes and 26 healthy individuals were included. In patients with type 2 diabetes, MEP, 6-MWT distance, 6-PBRT ring count, left knee extensors, right hip flexors and upper extremity muscle strength, quality of life and cognitive functions were statistically significantly lower, whereas MMRC dyspnea scale scores were higher (p≤0.05). MIP, right knee extensor muscle strength, left hip flexor muscle strength, balance, and levels of physical activity were similar (p>0.05). Expiratory muscle strength, functional exercise capacity, upper extremity functional exercise capacity, left knee extensors muscle strength, right hip flexors and upper extremity muscle strength, quality of life and cognitive functions of patients with type 2 diabetes were impaired, and perception of dyspnea was increased. Upper extremity functional exercise capacity should be evaluated within the scope of cardiopulmonary evaluation, and patients should be directed to rehabilitation.