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Historische Transformation der literarischen Werke im Kontext von neuen Medien: Vereinfachte deutsche literarische Hörbücher aus der Perspektive von Fremdsprachenstudenten
Der digitale Aufstieg und das steigende Bedürfnis nach unverzüglicher Information, Kommunikation, Authentizität und Aktualität sind die Anforderungen des gegenwärtigen Lebensstils. Da ein Leben ohne Computer und Internet in der heutigen Gesellschaft nicht zu vorstellen ist, ist auch nicht zu leugnen, dass die Nutzung der Werkzeuge der neuen Medien zur Erleichterung des Informationstransfers führt. Mit dieser Magisterarbeit wurde intendiert, die Auswirkungen des heute im Fokus stehenden Begriffs Neue Medien und deren Produkt das Hörbuch auf Fremdsprachenerwerb aus unterschiedlichen Sichten aufzuzeigen. Denn die neuen Medien sind in den aktuellen Unterrichtstheorien und bei der Gestaltung des Fremdsprachenunterrichts präsent. Es gilt aber zu beachten, wie und welche Sprachkompetenzen zur Geltung gebracht werden können. Um sich auf die entstehenden Fragen mit der vorliegenden Arbeit zu nähern und die Realität der Mediennutzung und ihre Defizite zu beleuchten wurde eine empirische Forschung im Rahmen der sprachlich vereinfachten Hörbücher durchgeführt. Diese Untersuchung wurde im Zusammenhang eines Seminars für das Leseverstehen mit Teilnahme von 54 Studenten gestaltet. Die Studie hat sich zum Ziel gesetzt, die Vor- und Nachteile vom Hörbuch im Fremdsprachenerwerb und zur Entwicklung der Fremdsprachenkompetenzen aufzuzeigen. Des Weiteren wird intendiert eine Antwort darauf zu finden, ob es ein Faktor den Unterricht zu bereichern, die Motivation zu steigern, Ermittlung von verschiedenen Didaktiken ist. Basierend auf die Befunde der aufgrund dieser Ziele durchgeführten Untersuchung wurde festgestellt, dass die Studenten mit dem Konzept des Hörbuchs nicht vertraut waren und daher im Prätest sich verzögernd zu dem Hörbuch äußerten. Dementsprechend bevorzugen mehrere Befragte im Nachtest ein Hörbuch gegenüber einem gedruckten Buch als ein Zusatzmaterial für die Entwicklung ihrer Sprachkompetenzen, für die Steigerung der Motivation fürs Lesen und für die Entwicklung ihrer Lesetechniken und- strategien. Außerdem sind die multimedialen Eigenschaften der Hörbücher hilfreich für die Verbesserung der Konzentration beim Lesen. Unter Berücksichtigung des Wunsches der Teilnehmer nach alternativen Medien und Anspruch auf mehrere Sinne der Materialien, lässt sich festhalten, dass die Zögerung gegenüber neuen Medienprodukte aufgrund Unkenntnis ist. Laut Ergebnisse der Studie sollte der Einsatz von Hörbüchern in den Unterricht für das Leseverstehen berücksichtigt und für die Entwicklung mehrere Kompetenzen im Fremdsprachenlernprozess angewendet werden. At the beginning of the elements that make up today's lifestyle are the increasing needs for instant access to information, communication, originality and actuality with the digital rise. Since a life without computers and the Internet cannot be imagined in today's society, the convenience provided by the use of new media in information transfer becomes undeniable. With this study, it is aimed to show the concept of new media, which has become the focal point in the current century, and to investigate the effects of audiobook, which is a product of it, on foreign language learning from different perspectives. Because new media is incorporated into contemporary teaching theories and design of foreign language teaching. However, the critical concern at this point is that it is necessary to pay attention to which language skills can be gained and how. Within the framework of linguistically simplified audiobooks, an empirical research was carried out in order to find answers to the questions raised by this study and to focus on the deficiencies of students by addressing their media use skills. The research was designed with the participation of 54 students who are enrolled in the reading comprehension course. The aim was to clarify the advantages and disadvantages of audiobooks in foreign language learning and development of foreign language learning skills. In addition, an answer is sought to the question of whether it is a factor in enriching the course content, increasing motivation, and acquiring different strategies in language learning. Based on the results of the research, it was determined that the students abstained from them in the first survey because they did not have full knowledge of audiobooks. Therefore, more participants in the second survey than in the first survey preferred audiobooks instead of printed books as additional material to improve their language skills. It was observed that audiobooks helped students to keep their learning motivation high and improved their reading skills. In addition, the multimedia feature of audiobooks helped to increase concentration during reading. Considering the participants' desire for alternative information transfer tools and the materials they use to appeal to many senses, it can be interpreted that their hesitations about new media stem from ignorance. Based on the results of the research, it is thought that it would be beneficial to use audiobooks as supporting learning material for in-class reading comprehension lessons, in the context of developing language skills.
Türk-Alman yazını kapsamında Emı̇ne Sevgı̇ Özdamar'ın Aynadakı̇ Avlu anlatısı ve Ayna-Avlu motı̇f dı̇yalektı̇ğı̇
Edebiyat, yalnızca yazılı sanat değil, aynı zamanda sosyal bir bilim dalı olarak kabul edildiğinde, hem ufuk açan bir tarihi bağıntı, hem de hislerin kavrandığı bir sanat dalı olarak karşımıza çıkar. Ancak edebi metinleri anlamak, onları derinden kavramak için çeşitli prensiplerin arka planını edinmek gereklidir. Bu noktada kuramlar edebiyatın organları gibidir. Emine Sevgi Özdamar, Türk- Alman Edebiyatı içerisinde çeşitli eserler yaratmış, farklı düşünme yetisiyle yazın alanda kendine muhteşem bir yer edinmiştir. Yazar yalnızca Türk-Alman Edebiyatı alanı içerisinde değil, diğer dillerin de içinde yer aldığı alanlarda dikkat çekmeyi başarmıştır. Özdamar'ın Aynadaki Avlu adlı eseri, hem sosyolojik hem kültürel pek çok unsuru içinde barındırmakla birlikte, keyif verici bir betimleme ile yaşattığı duyguları eser içerisinde çarpıcı iki imge ile, öyküyü bambaşka bir boyuta taşımaktadır. Ayna ve Avlu imgeleri eser içerisinde sıklıkla karşılaşılan imgeler iken, imgelerin detaylandırılarak analiz edilmesi, okuyucunun deneyimlemediği duyguların esiri olduğunu fark ettiği bir edinime dönüşür. Ayna imgesi, çeşitli kuramlarla bağdaştırılarak ele alınmış imgelerden biridir. Diğer yandan avlu, Türk kültüründe önemli bir imgedir. Her iki imgenin eser içerisindeki diyalektiği kültür zenginliğiyle sarmalanıp, okuyucunun zihninde çarpıcı bir tat bırakır. Bu çerçevede gerçekleştirilen araştırmada, imge anlamanın bir edebi eserin bütünsel olarak anlaşılmasındaki temel etkileri üzerine odaklanılmış ve bu bağlamda bir dizi önemli unsur ele alınmıştır. İmge anlamayı etkileyen faktörlerin derinlemesine analizi, disipliner bilgilerin edebi eserlerin yorumlanmasında etkileyici bir rol oynamaktadır. Ayrıca, yazarı tanımanın eserin anlamına olan etkileri de bu çalışmanın odak noktalarından biridir. Bir yazarın hayatı, eserlerinin yazılış sürecini, içsel motivasyonlarını ve eserlerindeki temaların köklerini anlamak açısından kritik bir öneme sahiptir. Bu bağlamda, yazarın biyografik unsurları, eserlerin daha da derinlemesine çözümlenmesine olanak tanır. Yazarın hayatındaki deneyimler, eserlerin içsel zenginliğini besleyen temel unsurlardan biridir. Bu unsurların incelenmesi, edebi eserlerin sadece yüzeyde değil, aynı zamanda yazarın düşünsel dünyasındaki derinliklere inilerek anlaşılmasına katkıda bulunarak derin anlamayı sağlar.
Fehlerlinguistik: Fehler Türkischer Deutschlerner
This thesis examines the significance of errors in the process of learning German by Turkish-speaking learners and aims to identify and comprehend the various types of errors. In a theoretical section, a comprehensive insight into error linguistics is provided, emphasising the importance of errors for language learning in general and examining in detail the steps of error linguistics, namely error identification, error description and classification, error explanation, error correction and evaluation, and error therapy and prevention. In the practical part, an empirical study conducted with 100 students at Tekirdağ Namık Kemal University /Turkey is presented in order to analyse the specific error patterns of Turkish-speaking learners of German. The methodology of data collection and analysis is explained, followed by a detailed presentation of the results, which analyses different error categories such as spelling errors, form and inflection errors, morphosyntactic errors, syntax errors, word choice errors, and text and reference anomalies. The analysis is intended to provide a clear picture of the most common and serious errors that occur in these specific learners. Keywords: Errors, error linguistics, German learners, Turkey
Codeswitching: Am beispiel des Deutschen, Türkischen und Englischen
In a globalised world where migration and multilingualism are on the rise, codeswitching plays a central role in communication. This master's thesis analyses German-Turkish-English codeswitching, which illustrates the diverse linguistic interdependencies and the specific identity of the German-Turkish community. First, the terms codeswitching, bilingualism and multilingualism are defined and their relationship to each other is explained. The terms matrix language and embedded language are also introduced. The different forms of codeswitching (extra-sentential, inter-sentential, intra-sentential, inter-word and intra-word switching) are then analysed on the basis of bilingual examples, while the combinations of codeswitching forms are examined on the basis of trilingual examples. Finally, the functions of codeswitching are analysed from a sociolinguistic and psycholinguistic perspective. The importance of codeswitching for identity construction, group affiliation, emotional expressiveness, efficiency and comprehensibility, as well as for language play and humour is highlighted. In this way, the thesis aims to provide a comprehensive insight into German-Turkish-English codeswitching. The analysis of the forms and functions will reveal the linguistic resources of the German-Turkish community and illustrate their significance for identity, group membership and emotional expressiveness. Keywords: Codeswitching, German, Turkish, English, forms, functions
Ortaöğretim Almanca ders kitaplarında iletişimsel yeti ve dil becerilerinin ele alınması: A1.2 seviyesindeki "Deutsch" ve "Menschen" kitaplarının karşılaştırmalı analizi
Bu araştırma, Türkiye'deki ortaöğretim kurumlarında Almancanın ikinci yabancı dil olarak öğretildiği 11. sınıf düzeyinde kullanılan iki farklı A1.2 seviye ders kitabını; dört temel dil becerisi (dinleme, konuşma, okuma, yazma) ve iletişimsel yeterlik bağlamında karşılaştırmalı olarak değerlendirmeyi amaçlamaktadır. Bu kapsamda, Millî Eğitim Bakanlığı tarafından hazırlanarak 2023 yılında yayımlanan Deutsch A1.2 adlı yerli ders kitabı ile Hueber Yayınevi tarafından yayımlanan, uluslararası ölçekte yaygın biçimde kullanılan Menschen A1.2 (2012) kitabı analiz edilmiştir. Her iki kitap da Avrupa Dilleri Ortak Başvuru Metni (AOBM) çerçevesine dayalı olarak incelenmiştir. Araştırmada nitel yöntem tercih edilmiş; doküman incelemesi, içerik analizi ve uygulama sınavlarına dayalı karşılaştırmalı değerlendirme teknikleri bir arada kullanılmıştır. Her iki kitapta yer alan etkinlikler; sayı, tür, beceriye dağılım, çoklu beceri entegrasyonu, iletişimsel işlev ve otantiklik gibi ölçütlere göre değerlendirilmiştir. Ayrıca kitaplara dayalı olarak geliştirilen uygulama sınavları, 11. sınıf öğrencilerine uygulanmış; elde edilen veriler beş beceri alanında ayrı ayrı analiz edilmiştir. Deutsch A1.2 kitabı, Milli Eğitim Bakanlığı öğretim programına uyumlu sade bir yapıya sahiptir. Etkinliklerin sayısı sınırlı olmakla birlikte, dört temel beceriye dengeli biçimde yer verilmiş; ancak iletişimsel yeterliğe doğrudan yönelik etkinliklerin sayısı düşük kalmıştır. Görevler daha çok yapılandırılmış, yönlendirilmiş ve kontrollü biçimde sunulmuştur. Bu durum, kitapta dil bilgisi ve kelime odaklı ilerleyişin, etkileşim temelli öğrenmenin önüne geçtiğini göstermektedir. Buna karşın Menschen A1.2 kitabı, çoklu becerilerin entegrasyonuna dayalı, öğrenci merkezli ve etkileşim odaklı etkinliklerle öne çıkmaktadır. Kitapta görev temelli öğrenmeye dayalı özgün diyaloglar, kültürel içerikler ve otantik iletişim bağlamları ön plandadır. Beceriler arası geçiş doğal bir akışla sağlanmakta; öğrenciler dili hem işlevsel hem de bağlamsal olarak kullanmaya teşvik edilmektedir. Uygulama sınavları sonucunda, öğrencilerin özellikle konuşma ve iletişimsel yeterlik alanlarında zorlandıkları ve bu becerilere yönelik kitap içeriğinin yetersiz kaldığı görülmüştür. Menschen kitabı bu alanlarda göreli olarak daha işlevsel içerikler sunsa da, her iki kitapta da eksiklikler tespit edilmiştir. Bu araştırma, içerik ve uygulama temelli çok boyutlu bir yaklaşımla gerçekleştirilmiş olup, Almanca öğretmenlerine kitap seçimi ve kullanımında bilimsel dayanak sağlamayı ve yabancı dil öğretim materyallerinin geliştirilmesine katkıda bulunmayı hedeflemektedir.
Der EU-beitritt der Türkei: Eine linguistische diskursanalyse von parteiprogrammen und medien-debatten in der Türkei und in Deutschland
The path to power in modern politics is through the generation of systematic knowledge and the practical use of this knowledge. In countries governed by democracy, elections provide an appropriate scope for this. Language, as the medium of communication, is an inseparable part of politics in terms of its crucial role in the formation and dissemination of political discourses and statements. In this sense, language is the medium that determines the power of political discourses. And the discourse as a process increases this power through different media, working groups from the parties like women's or youth organizations or through the people who are valued and respected by society. Discourse analysis is defined in this context as the research of all this data, based on certain theories and approaches. In this study, Turkey's EU accession discourse was examined in the German and Turkish political parties and in the daily newspapers of both countries. The study consists of two main parts: theory and practice. In the first, theoretical part, subjects such as semantics, structuralism and semiotics, which form the scientific basis of discourse analysis, were explained in detail and their relationships to discourse research were shown. Then the linguistic and critical discourse theories were explained. In the second, practical part, which was carried out according to the theory of three-dimensional linguistic discourse analysis; the EU accession discourses of the parties, which they publish in the election programs and which can be found in the national media, especially in the print media, were examined and analyzed in detail. Lexical, metaphorical, and argumentation analyses were performed on the corpus obtained based on this three-dimensional model of linguistic discourse analysis. At the end of each period studied, the acquired data were compared and interpreted in relation to the relevant election results. In addition, it is proposed to prepare important concepts and key terms related to the EU accession processes of the candidate countries, obtained as a result of the analysis, as a dictionary of EU accession terminology. Keywords: EU-Accession Discourse, Linguistic Discourse Analysis, Germany, Turkey Der Weg zur Macht geht in der modernen Politik durch die Generierung von dem systematischen Wissen und die praktische Nutzung dieses Wissens aus. In Ländern, die mit Demokratie regiert werden, stellen die Wahlen einen geeigneten Anwendungsbereich dafür. Die Sprache, das Medium der Kommunikation, ist hinsichtlich ihrer Rolle bei der Bildung und Verbreitung politischer Aussagen und Ansichten ein untrennbarer Teil der Politik. Die Sprache ist in diesem Sinne das Mittel, das die Kraft politischer Aussagen bestimmt. Der Diskurs als ein Prozess steigert diese Kraft durch unterschiedliche Medien, Arbeitsgruppen von den Parteien wie Frauen- oder Jugendorganisationen oder durch die Menschen, die von der Gesellschaft geschätzt und respektiert werden. Die Diskursanalyse definiert man in diesem Zusammenhang als die Forschung all dieser Daten, die auf bestimmten Theorien und Ansätzen basiert. In dieser Studie wurde der EU-Beitrittsdiskurs der Türkei in den deutschen und türkischen politischen Parteien und in den täglichen Zeitungen beider Länder untersucht. Die Studie besteht aus zwei Hauptteilen: Theorie und Praxis. Im ersten, theoretischen Teil wurden die Fächer wie Semantik, Strukturalismus und Semiotik ausführlich erklärt, die die wissenschaftliche Grundlage der Diskursanalyse bilden, und ihre Beziehung zur Diskursforschung aufgezeigt. In weiteren wurden die linguistischen und kritischen Diskurstheorien erläutert. Im zweiten, praktischen Teil, der nach der Theorie der dreidimensionalen linguistischen Diskursanalyse durchgeführt wurde, wurden die EUBeitrittsdiskurse der Parteien, die sie in den Wahlprogrammen veröffentlichen und die sich in den nationalen Medien insbesondere in den Printmedien befinden, detailliert untersucht und analysiert. Nach dem 3-Dimensionalen Modell der linguistischen Diskursanalyse wurden Analysen bezüglich der Lexik, Metaphorik und Argumentationsbasis durchgeführt. Am Ende jeder untersuchten Periode wurden die erworbenen Daten mit den betroffenen Wahlergebnissen verglichen und interpretiert. Darüber hinaus wurde vorgeschlagen, wichtige Konzepte und Schlüsselbegriffe im Zusammenhang mit den EU-Beitrittsprozessen der Kandidatenländer, die als Ergebnis der Analyse gewonnen wurden, als ein Wörterbuch zur EU-Beitrittsterminologie aufzubereiten. Schlüsselwörter: EU-Beitrittsdiskurs, Linguistische Diskursanalyse, Deutschland, Türkei
Literatur Türkeistämmiger autorinnen und autoren im spannungsfeld von klassifizierung und stigmatisierung
Migration movements are as old as human history and have always brought about profound changes. In today's globalized world, they represent a fundamental reality that shapes all societal spheres of host countries, including artistic expressions such as literature. This study examines the positioning of literature by authors of Turkish descent within German literary studies. The focus is on the question of how social, political, and cultural interpretative patterns influence the perception and classification of this literature and often lead to stigmatization. Classification into categories like "intercultural literature" or "German-Turkish literature" often reduces the aesthetic and thematic diversity of these works to an ethnic perspective and reinforces stereotypical identity attributions. Such categorization frequently marginalizes the literature of authors of Turkish descent and complicates its full recognition within the German literary canon. A literary-theoretical analysis oriented around the criteria of authorship, narration, language, and cultural references shows that these works should be regarded as an integral part of German cultural heritage. The literary texts by authors of Turkish descent go beyond migration experiences and questions of identity, embodying a pluralistic aesthetic that enriches the German literary landscape. This study critically re-evaluates the genre of "intercultural literature" and demonstrates that the literature by authors of Turkish descent is an essential part of the German literary scene, reflecting the plurality of German society. In doing so, it questions structures perceived as homogeneous, such as national literature, culture, and society, while rejecting the categorization of these works as niche literature. The study contributes to the development of a more comprehensive and inclusive understanding of literature that acknowledges the diversity within German literature as a fundamental and enriching component.
Ahmet Hamdi Tanpınar'ın "Saatleri Ayarlama Enstitüsü" eseri ve Almanca çevirisi örnekleminde kültür odaklı ögelerin aktarımında karşılaşılan sorunlar ve çözüm önerileri
This work deals with the translation difficulties that arise when translating cultural elements in Ahmet Hamdi Tanpınar's "The Time Regulation Institute". The various cultural elements selected and possible strategies for overcoming translation difficulties are indicated. The theoretical part consists of Peter Newmark's "categorization of culture specific items" and Lawrence Venuti's "domestication and foreignization" theories. The Time Regulation Institute has been translated into 25 languages. The novel covers three periods, namely the first and second constitutional periods of the Ottoman Empire and the Republic and in particular the people who lived during this time and fluctuated between the old and the new, i.e. between traditional and modern culture. Thus, the novel contains many cultural elements from the beginning of the 20th century such as Ottoman authorities, Sharia authorities, religious rules, currencies and various courts. As the piece contains many cultural elements, the translator is faced with the task of dealing with the cultural elements appropriately and transferring them into the target language or target culture. This work, discusses the transfer of cultural elements on the basis of 80 examples and offers possible solutions.
Das motiv "Angst" in der gothischen literatur
As it is well known, everything in nature is described with a symbol or a motif in order to better reflect the beauties of the world and Literature is one of the most effective tools to make these beauties visible in detail, and therefore motifs have an important place in literature as they can easily evaluate something and also help to reinforce a narrative. This is clearly exemplified in different genres of literature, which are described in detail with many different motifs. In addition, motifs are also used to bring social events to light or to reveal the depth of an issue. In this study, the concept of fear was discussed as a motif and used to understand and explain its changes in human history, its benefits as well as its effects on people. When we look at the history of humanity, since the day man first stepped into the world, he has perceived the feeling of fear as a great threat and has considered it as an undesirable or difficult to satisfy emotion. This view has been internalized by societies and many civilizations that began to form centuries ago, leading to the useful and functional aspects of fear being overlooked over time. However, although fear is a concept that has different cultural meanings in terms of individual and social aspects, the concept of fear has been assigned different roles in many different centuries as it is also an abstract concept and varies by the time and place in which it is used. One of these different roles is evident in the Gothic art and especially in its literature in this study In general terms, Gothic art, which is characterized by its dark and supernatural elements, can also be regarded as a melodramatic narrative technique that uses a background of exoticism, mystery, fear and horror. However, scientific research has also shown that the sense of fear that arises from the Gothic can be very important for people when applied in small doses, and that fear can also be instructive through the Gothic. Gothic artists such as Salvator Rosa, Francisco Goya and Heinrich Füssli, as well as Gothic writers such as Horace Walpole, Mary Shelley, Bram Stoker and E.T.A. Hoffmann, recognized the usefulness of the emotion of fear and, therefore, combined it with motifs of their own creation and used it as a means in their works to account for the problems of their time and educate people. In this study, the first part will explain that fear is more than just a negative emotion that is misunderstood because of the terror it causes, and in this context, with the help of important psychiatrists such as Sigmund Freud and Ernest Jentsch and philosophers such as Edmund Burke, Immanuel Kant and Thomas De Quincey, we will try to break down the prejudices against fear. The second part of the study will analyze gothic architecture, painting and literature, revealing the hidden meanings within the works, as well as their educational aspects. The third part of the study will analyze E.T.A. Hoffmann's „Der Sandmann" and interpret it within the scope of gothic literature. In this study, the concept of fear is examined in detail, taking into account the theoretical implications and evaluations, and based on the motif of fear, the concept is analyzed with the aim of eliminating the usual prejudices against fear, adding new meanings and correcting misconceptions about fear through Gothic arts.
Strukturalistische analyse der tendenzen der Ökolinguistik in deutsch und Türkischen kinderbüchern im hinblick auf umweltbewusstsein
Ecolinguistics is an interdisciplinary branch of science that is quite young. Its beginnings go back to the 60s. Einar Haugen made the start with his theory "Ecology of language". The development of ecological linguistics progressed thanks to Alwin Fill, who introduced the development of ecolinguistics. With his work Einführung in die Ökolinguistik, he popularized the new scientific field. With the pragmatic turn, the view of ecologists changed. They focused on the influence of human activity on the environment and ecosystems. As the climate crisis or climate change is now a global problem, ecolinguistics is concerned with environmental destruction issues. The aim is to save the future of humanity, nature, plants and animals. The interaction between language, humans and the environment is the starting point. The general question is, "Can language contribute to the development of environmental awareness?". In this work, ecolinguistics is used in comparative research. The history of its development, the areas of research and the scientists who have dealt with ecolinguistics are described. The cooperation of ecolinguistics with different branches of science is also discussed. The whole world is dealing with the problem of the "climate crisis". Different measures are also being taken in Turkey and Germany. These measures are discussed in the practical part. Six Turkish and six German children's and youth books that contain environmental themes were researched structurally with regard to ecolinguistic tendencies, taking into account identity formation and the language acquisition process.
Ökologische linguistik im digitalen raum: Kognitive und sprachliche interaktionen in Roblox
Nowadays, natural events have increased in many parts of the world with global warming, making the environment more important. In this study, which was conducted to create more awareness about the environment and to protect the environment, it was taken into account that students use technology extensively and especially computers and mobile phones have an important place in their daily lives. As games have motivating factors, they can play an important role in the autonomy of learners and stimulate interest in developing a new language and environmental awareness. The history of digital games is mentioned in the study and the ideas that have shaped the development of digital games from 1948 until today are explained. The five most popular games within the Roblox platform were outlined as part of the study. The advantage of these games is that the visual graphics of the games contain important signs related to environmental linguistics. Environmental awareness teaches children not to harm the environment, animals, plants and natural resources. Furthermore, environmental linguistics emphasises that awareness of the environment should also apply to spoken languages. Just as a plant or animal can become extinct if it is not protected, language can also change if it is not cared for and may be threatened with extinction over time. As part of the study, the environmental linguistic signs in five games on the Roblox platform were analysed and explained according to the semiotic models of Saussure, Peirce, Morris and Barthes. In the final section, it is concluded that the games contribute to language teaching by teaching vocabulary, grammar and written and oral communication. As a result, the players who learn German will be able to develop what they have learnt at school through these games and these children, who are our future generations, will become environmentally conscious individuals.
Stefan Zweig'ın "Ungeduld des Herzens" adlı eseri örnekleminde kültür odaklı öğelerin hedef dile aktarımında karşılaşılan sorunlar ve çözüm önerileri
Dilin gelişiminde önemli bir yeri olan çeviri çalışmaları, genel olarak iki dil arasında gerçekleşen bir etkinlik olarak bilinmesine rağmen, aynı zamanda iki kültür arasında da değişim yaratır. Yazınsal bir eserin çevirisi hem içinde oluştuğu kültürü yansıtırken, hem de kültürler arası iletişime katkı sağlamaktadır. Böylece bu eserler aracılığıyla dilini bilmediğimiz kültürleri yakından tanır, kendi kültürümüzle karşılaştırırız. Yazınsal eser çevirisinde kültürel ögelerin başka bir dile aktarılmasında yaşanan güçlükler, çevirmenlerin karşılaştığı önemli konulardan biridir. Çalışmada; Avusturya'lı yazar Stefan Zweig'ın "Ungeduld des Herzens" adlı romanında yer alan kültür odaklı ögelerin beş farklı çevirmen tarafından Türkçe'ye aktarımında karşılaşılan sorunlar ve çözüm önerileri ele alınmaktadır. Eserin, çalışmada incelenen beş çevirisi dışında piyasada 23 farklı çevirisinin daha bulunması sebebiyle çevirmen kararlarının farkı belirlenmek istenmiştir. Romanda olayların geçtiği dönem ve kahramanın asker olması, eserde askeri terim ile o döneme ait kültüre özgü sözcüklerin kullanımını arttırmış, erek dile aktarımları önem kazanmıştır. Çalışmanın amacı, Türkiye'de çok okunan ve çevirilen yabancı bir yazarın eserinde geçen kültür odaklı ögelerin beş farklı çevirmen tarafından erek dile nasıl aktarıldığını belirlemek, kültürel ögelerin çevirisinde çevirmenlerin aldıkları kararları stratejiler yardımıyla açıklamak, bu kararlar arasındaki farklılıkları değerlendirmektir. Bu değerlendirme için "Ungeduld des Herzens" adlı romandan tespit edilen 88 kültür odaklı öge, Newmark'ın kültürel öge sınıflandırmasına göre sekiz başlık altında düzenlenmesinin ardından, Aixela'nın kültüre özgü ögelerin çevirisi için belirlediği makro-mikro stratejileri ile Venuti'nin Yerlileştirme/Yabancılaştırma stratejilerine göre analiz edilmiştir. Her başlık ve çevirmen için tercih edilen strateji dağılımı grafk, tablo ve açıklama şeklinde değerlendirilmiştir. Çalışmanın sonunda, her çevirmen 88 tane kültür odaklı ögeyi erek metne aktarmak için 65-80 arası mikro strateji kullanmıştır. Çevirmenler genel olarak kültür odaklı ögeleri erek metne aktarmaya, kaynak kültürü tanıtmaya çalışmış, çoğunlukla Yerlileştirme makro stratejilerini tercih etmiştir. Çevirmen kararları seçtikleri mikro stratejiler doğrultusuda her başlık ve örnek için farklı şekillenmiş olsa da, hepsi yazarı okura götürmeyi tercih etmiştir.
Die reflektion der Türkischen migranten in karikaturen
Migration to Germany began in the 1960s as a result of the labour agreements signed between Turkey and Germany. Within the framework of these agreements, labour migration from Turkey to Germany gained momentum and many Turkish workers settled in Germany during this period. In this context, there were significant changes in German politics, social life and economy over time. The fact that Turkish immigrants have settled permanently in Germany, especially since the 1980s, and that they have moved from the position of employees to the position of employers since the 2000s are the main factors behind these changes. In addition, conflicts, contradictions and marginalization in relation to Turks living in Germany have become noticeable in this process, which is also reflected in art. Although literature plays an important role in this context, caricature can also be emphasized as an important element. In the accompanying study, an attempt is made to emphasize the reflection of migration on the caricatures and to provide a panorama of Turkish migrants in particular. In order to get to the heart of this topic and not go beyond the scope of this thesis, the theories associated with migration will be discussed first and an attempt will be made to draw reference points to Turkish migrants. In addition, the historical course of Turkish migration is discussed in connection with the reflection on art. In the practical part, the historical development of Turkish migration in Europe and especially in Germany was analyses through the reflection of caricatures and evaluated with migration theories. The aim of this study is to analyze the caricatures chronologically and to show which caricatures are primarily associated with Turkish immigrants. How migration is portrayed in caricatures that inspire laughter or reflect exaggeratedly should open a new perspective.
Türkçedeki dil değişimi "Faust" çevirileri örnekleminde dilbilimsel bir araştırma
Bu çalışma, Johann Wolfgang von Goethe'nin 1808 yılında yazdığı Faust eserinin Türkçeye yapılan çevirilerinde zaman içinde gerçekleşen dil değişimini artzamanlı bir yaklaşımla incelemektedir. Çalışmada, Galip Bahtiyar'ın 1926'daki Osmanlı Türkçesiyle yaptığı ilk çeviriden günümüze kadar, sırasıyla 1960'ta Sadi Irmak, 1983'te Hasan İzzettin Dinamo ve 2011'de İclal Cankorel tarafından yapılan çeviriler incelenmiştir. Elde edilen bulgular, dil değişiminin fonolojik, biçimbilimsel, sözdizimsel, sözcüksel ve anlam düzeylerinde nasıl geliştiğini ve hangi alanlarda en çok değişimin görüldüğünü örneklerle ortaya koymaktadır. Çalışmanın sonuçları, dil değişiminin en fazla sözcüksel alanda yaşandığını, bu değişimin Arapça ve Farsça kökenli kelimelerin yerini Türkçe karşılıkların almasıyla gerçekleştiğini göstermektedir. Bu süreç, Türk Dil Devrimi'nin bir yansımasıdır. Sözcüksel değişimin ardından en çok fonolojik ve sözdizimsel değişimler dikkat çekerken, biçimbilimsel ve anlam değişimleri daha az gözlemlenmiştir.
Aydınlanma: Gelenekten yabancılaşma mıdır? Zafer Şenocak'ın Türk kültürüne yansıması - bir değişim süreci / Enlightenment: Alienation from tradition? Zafer Şenocak's reflection on Turkish culture – a process of change
Social, political, religious and literary changes are inevitable when it comes to migration. With migration, people leave their country and move to another one. Thus, they are confronted with a new culture, a new language and a new way of living. With the coming together of different cultures, it is possible to see the reflections of issues such as identity, culture, homeland, language, foreigner, other and self in literary works. Therefore, this study considers the book written in the prose genre and experimenting with a new genre, which is one of the last works of Zafer Senocak, a Turkish-German writer of Turkish origin, consisting of 5 essay collections of essays that he considers important, in the light of the concepts mentioned above. In addition, the author was interviewed and asked questions from the literary works analysed in this study. The aim of the study is to shed light on Zafer Şenocak's works and to reveal the main themes and intercultural aspects in order to position them within Turkish-German literature. For this purpose, interpretation theory and reception theory were used to read the works of Zafer Şenocak, who sees the world as a collection of signs. Within the scope of the results of the research, it has been seen that the subjects addressed in the author's collections of essays continue in his prose work and give results here. In addition, the results of this study can provide a better understanding of Zafer Şenocak's ideas in German as well as in Turkish and make them accessible to people. Keywords: Zafer Şenocak, Migration, Turkish-German Literature, Interpretation Theory, Reception Theory Soziale, politische, religiöse und literarische Veränderungen sind unvermeidlich, wenn es um Migration geht. Bei der Migration verlassen die Menschen ihr Land und ziehen in ein anderes Land. So werden sie mit einer neuen Kultur, einer neuen Sprache und einer neuen Lebensweise konfrontiert. Das Zusammentreffen verschiedener Kulturen führt dazu, dass sich Themen wie Identität, Kultur, Heimat, Sprache, Fremde, das Andere und das Eigene in literarischen Werken widerspiegeln. Daher werden in der vorliegenden Arbeit die fünf Essaysammlungen von Zafer Şenocak, einem türkisch-deutschen Schriftsteller türkischer Herkunft und sein Prosabuch, in dem er ein neues Genre ausprobiert, im Lichte der oben genannten Konzepte analysiert. Darüber hinaus wurde ein Interview mit dem Schriftsteller geführt und ihm wurden Fragen zu den in der Arbeit analysierten literarischen Werken gestellt. Ziel der Studie ist es, Zafer Şenocak's Werke zu beleuchten und die wichtigsten Themen und interkulturellen Aspekte aufzuzeigen, um sie innerhalb der deutsch-türkischen Literatur zu verorten. Zu diesem Zweck werden die Hermeneutik und die Rezeptionsästhetik herangezogen, um die Werke von Zafer Şenocak zu lesen, der die Welt als eine Sammlung von Zeichen betrachtet. Im Rahmen der Forschungsergebnisse hat sich gezeigt, dass die in den Essaysammlungen des Autors behandelten Themen in seinem Prosawerk weitergeführt werden und hier zu Ergebnissen führen. Darüber hinaus können die Ergebnisse dieser Studie dazu beitragen, die Ideen von Zafer Şenocak sowohl auf Deutsch als auch auf Türkisch besser zu verstehen und sie den Menschen zugänglich zu machen. Schlüsselwörter: Zafer Şenocak, Migration, Deutsch-Türkische Literatur, Hermeneutik, Ästhetik
Goethe ve Nazım Hikmet yapıtlarında metinlerarası öğelerin yazınsallaştırım tarzı. Batı-Doğu Divanı ve Şeyh Bedreddin Destanı örneklerinde bir açımlama
Yazınsal yapıtların temel niteliklerinden biri, tarihsel ve toplumsal tüm süreçlerin birikim ve çeşitliliğini kendinde barındıran dilin dolayımıyla tasarlanıp oluşturulmalarıdır. Devingen ve katmanlı bir söyleşim aracı olması nedeniyle, dilin ürünü olan yazınsal yapıtlar da doğal olarak öncel ve güncel başka yapıtlarla durmaksızın bir söyleşim içindedirler. Yazınsal ve sanatsal her tür üretimin temelinde bulunan bu olgu 20. yüzyılda Mihail Baktin tarafından "Söyleşimsellik" olarak nitelenmiş, sonraki yıllarda Julia Kristeva tarafından "Metinlerarasılık" kavramıyla tanımlanmış ve devamında çeşitli kuramcı ve araştırmacı tarafından dizgeli bir şekilde açıklanmaya çalışılmıştır. Metinlerarasılık, en basit şekilde bir metnin başka bir metindeki somut varlığı olarak tanımlanabilir. Söz konusu ilişki metnin yazarı tarafından kasıtlı olarak çeşitli yöntem ve teknikler ile kurulur. Yazınsallığın doğal ve kaçınılmaz bir sonucu olan metinlerarası ilişki ve etkileşimler kimi yazarlar tarafından yanmetinler ya da metin içi açıklamalarla okurlara bildirilmektedir. Johann Wolfgang von Goethe'nin Batı-Doğu Divanı (West-östlicher Divan) ve Nazım Hikmet'in Simavne Kadısı Oğlu Şeyh Bedreddin Destanı adlı yapıtlar bu durum için iyi birer örnek teşkil etmektedir. Her iki yapıtın şairleri, yapıtlarının oluşum aşamasında yararlandıkları tüm tarihsel ve yazınsal kaynakları okurlarının dikkatine sunmuşlardır. Bu çalışmada anılan yapıtlarda şairler tarafından açıklanmış olan kaynaklar ile kurulan metinlerarası ilişkiler ulamlara ayrılmış; metinlerarası öğelerin geçirdiği anlamsal ve işlevsel dönüşümler serimlenmiş ve sonuç olarak iki şairin metinlerarası öğeleri yeniden yazınsallaştırma tarzları karşılaştırılarak benzerlik, farklılık ve özgünlükleri ortaya konmuştur.
Emine Sevgi Özdamar'ın "Hayat Bir Kervansaray" ve "Haliçli Köprü" adlı eserlerinin toplumsal cinsiyet penceresinden incelenmesi
Bu çalışmamızda Emine Sevgi Özdamar'ın "Hayat Bir Kervansaray (Das Leben ist eine Karawanserei hat zwei Türen, aus einer kam ich rein, aus der anderen ging ich raus)" (1992) ve "Haliçli Köprü (Die Brücke Vom Goldenen Horn)" (1998) eserleri üzerinde durduk. Bu çalışma, amacı gereği toplumsal cinsiyetin göçmen edebiyatındaki yansımalarını ortaya koymaktadır. Emine Sevgi Özdamar'ın bu çalışmada seçilmiş olmasının temel sebeplerinden biri eril bakış açısından sıyrılan kadın göçmen yazarı olmasıdır. Bir diğer neden ise Alman okurlar tarafından kabul görmesidir. Elbette Özdamar başka çalışmaların da incelenme konusu olmuştur. Burada diğer çalışmalardan ayrışan nokta ise eserlerine toplumsal cinsiyet bağlamındaki yaklaşımıdır. Söz konusu toplumsal cinsiyet kavramı olduğunda iki yönelim görmekteyiz: 1. Biyolojik olarak 2. Bireyin toplumdaki yeri olarak. Bu iki yönelimde çalışmamızın başlıca sorununu oluşturmaktadır. Özellikle bir kadın yazar tarafından kaleme alınan eserlerde yine bir kadının nasıl yansıtıldığı yukarıda belirtilen eserler çerçevesinde incelenmiştir. Ayrıca Emine Sevgi Özdamar eserlerinde hem Türkiye'deki hem de Almanya'daki yaşantıdan anlatması sebebiyle iki toplumu karşılaştırmamıza ve toplumsal cinsiyet bağlamında farklı yaklaşımları belirginleştirmemize imkân sağlamıştır. Bu araştırmada, toplumsal cinsiyet perspektifinden göçmen edebiyatı ele alınarak bu bağlamda, toplumsal cinsiyetin göçmenleri ne ölçüde etkilediği, yaşanılan toplumun kültürel oluşumlarını (sosyal açıdan nasıl temsil edildiğini) ve edebiyata olan yansımaları ele alınmıştır. Sonuç bölümünde, çalışmanın temelini oluşturan toplumsal cinsiyet bağlamında Türk toplumunun bireylere yaklaşımının göçmen edebiyatı içinde yer alan eserlere yansımasını sınıflandırarak ortaya konulmuştur.
Sten Nadolny'nin romanları örnekleminde motif incelemesi
Bu çalışma Alman yazar Sten Nadolny'nin yazarlık kariyeri boyunca yazdığı Netzkarte (1981), Die Entdeckung der Langsamkeit (1983), Selim oder die Gabe der Rede (1990), Ein Gott der Frechheit (1994), Er oder Ich (1999), Ullsteinroman (2003), Weitlingssommerfrische (2012) ve Das Glück des Zauberers (2017) adlı tüm romanlarındaki motiflerin bir incelemesini sunmaktadır. Motifler olay örgüsüne etkisi doğrultusunda ana motifler, yan motifler, tamamlayıcı motifler başlıkları altında incelenmiştir. Ayrıca bazı romanlarda odak noktasının sadece tek bir motif üzerinde değil, birbiriyle bağlantılı ve etkileşim hâlinde olan ve merkezi öneme sahip iki motif üzerinde olması nedeniyle ana motif başlığı altında bir motif kompleksi olarak da ele alınmıştır. Motiflerin tanımları ve işlevleri ile ilgili kuramsal bilgilerde ağırlıklı olarak Elisabeth Frenzel'in yanı sıra Horst S. Daemmrich ve Ingrid G. Daemmrich'in yapıtlarına başvurulmuştur. Metin incelemesi sürecinde yazar-yapıt ilişkisini sorgulayan, edebi yapıtı yazarın hayat öyküsüne bağlı kalarak ve ona bağlantılı olarak inceleyen pozitivist inceleme yöntemi ile en küçük konu biriminin motif olduğu düşüncesine dayanan metne bağlı inceleme yöntemleri birlikte kullanılmıştır. Bu çalışma ile bahsi geçen romanlarda kullanılan motiflerin nasıl ele alındığı, romanlardaki işlevlerinin ne olduğu bütüncül bir yaklaşımla ve birbirleriyle karşılaştırmalı şekilde ele alınıp somut örnekler eşliğinde değerlendirme amaçlanmıştır.
Interkulturelle aspekte in der Deutschen gegenwartsliteratur am beispiel der Orient-und Türkenbilder in den romanen "Sieger Nach Punkten" von Thorsten Becker, "Selim oder die Gabe der Rede" von Sten Nadolny und "Das Verschwinden des Schattens in der Sonne" von Barbara Frischmuth
The cultural diversity of today's world increases the interest in the foreign cultures. Literature, in which this interest arises, can be seen as a platform for getting to know other cultures. In this context, the present study aims to analyse the intercultural components in the samples of contemporary German literature using the novels Winner on points by Thorsten Becker, Selim or the Talent of Speaking by Sten Nadolny and The Shadow Disappears in the Sun by Barbara Frischmuth. It was questioned whether the novels in question have intercultural potential by supporting the intercultural agreement by prioritizing the meeting of different cultures they have brought with the literary studies of the Turkish culture as the other and making use of the knowledge of intercultural literature. At the same time, it was questioned whether the eastern images exhibited by the novels continued their previous perception patterns or they presented a new intercultural literature style by comparing them with the old eastern images in the history of German Literature. As a literary work, Thorsten Becker's novel, as a masterpiece which has never been dealt with before and which is a wide-ranging work, is prioritized in the analysis section, and the plot is scrutinized in terms of its characters, the narration of Turkish-Ottoman history, Islamic images, intercultural elements and current social discourses. As a result, the analysis of the works reveals that all three novels have an important place in contemporary German literature because they perceive Turkish foreigners in a different way and move away from traditional orientalism and promote an empathy-oriented perception, in which stereotypes can be overcome by providing new perspectives to the Turks. In addition, the study of the concept of literary interculturality in novels has shown that German writers who do not have immigrant backgrounds can produce literary works that have an intercultural potential and are of great importance in today's multicultural societies.
Türk ve Alman edebiyatından seçilen eserlerde engelli karakterlerin sunuluş biçimleri (Kemal Tahir – Köyün Kamburu, Hasan Ali Toptaş – Sonsuzluğa Nokta, Stefan Zweig – Ungeduld des Herzens, Günter Grass - Blechtrommel)
Engelli bireyler son yıllarda sosyal bilimlerde birçok çalışmanın konusu olmuştur. Bu çalışmada da engellilik çalışmalarının temel vurgularını da göz önünde bulundurarak, fiziksel engelli bireylerin edebi eserdeki temsili ele alınacaktır. Edebi eserlerde engelli bireyi kaleme alan yazarların tutumu, engelliliğin yazınsallaştırılması, engelli bireyin nasıl bir karakter çizimi ile okuyucuya sunulduğu ve hangi bağlamlarda aktarıldığı Türk ve Alman edebiyatından seçilen toplamda dört eserde (Kemal Tahir, Köyün Kamburu; Hasan Ali Toptaş, Sonsuzluğa Nokta; Stefan Zweig, Ungeduld des Herzens; Günter Grass, Blechtrommel) açıklanacaktır. Bir diğer önemli soru, engelliliğin sosyal gerçeklik ile mi yoksa yazınsallığın en belirgin özelliklerinden biri olan kurgu olarak mı kaleme alındığıdır. Eserler arasındaki benzerlikler, farklılıklar ya da ortak noktalar ortaya çıkarılacaktır.
Transnationale migrations- und globalisierungsdiskurse in hybriden literaturen von Georgien- und Türkeistämmigen litera turschaffenden und eine neuerörterung im kontext der weltliteraturkonzepte
Die Geschichte der Menschheit ist ohne das Migrationsphänomen kaum zu denken und hat an seiner Aktualität bis heute nichts verloren. Rasante Entwicklungen in den Bereichen Technologie, Kommunikation und Transport im Zusammenhang mit dem Globalisierungsprozess in den 1990er Jahren, führen zu sozialen, kulturellen und ökonomischen Umwälzungen und zu einer veränderten Raum-Zeit-Wahrnehmung der Menschen. Wie alle prägenden Ereignisse, finden auch die des globalen Zeitalters und die damit einhergehenden Entwicklungen Eingang in die Literatur, wodurch die Literaturproduktion und damit verbunden die Literaturwissenschaft einem Wandel unterliegt. Das Ziel dieser Arbeit ist es zum einen, Migrations- und Globalisierungsdiskurse in hybriden Literaturen zu erfassen und diese im Kontext der Weltliteraturkonzepte neu zu erörtern. Hierfür werden die Werke Ellbogen der türkeistämmigen Autorin Fatma Aydemir und Die Katze und der General der georgienstämmigen Autorin Nino Haratischwili als Gegenstand herangezogen. Die theoretische Basis gründet auf Goethes Weltliteraturkonzept und die seit dem Globalisierungszeitalter darauf aufbauenden, neu konzipierten Konzepte, wie beispielsweise das der Neuen Weltliteratur der Literaturwissenschaftlerin Elke Sturm-Trigonakis. Des Weiteren soll als Ergänzung zu den literaturwissenschaftlichen Erkenntnissen eine qualitative Datenerhebung die soziologische Perspektive der Thematik beleuchten. Hierfür teilen georgien- und türkeistämmige Befragte mit eigener transnationalen Migrationserfahrung ihre subjektiven Wahrnehmungen bezüglich des Diskurses. Die literaturwissenschaftlichen und soziologischen Erkenntnisse sollen in Gegenüberstellung zueinander sich gegenseitig unterstützen und objektiv bewertet werden. Die Ergebnisse dieser zweiteiligen Analyse sind vielerlei. Aus der literaturwissenschaftlichen Perspektive ist festzustellen, dass herkömmliche Kategorisierungen innerhalb der Nationalliteraturen, wie beispielsweise der Interkulturellen Literatur, den hybriden Literaturen der Gegenwart nicht mehr Rechnung tragen. Außerdem zeigt die Gegenüberstellung der qualitativen Datenerhebung mit der literaturwissenschaftlichen Analyse, dass diese sich gegenseitig ergänzen und bestätigen. Dies zeigt wiederum, dass hybride Literaturen nicht nur als fiktive Literaturproduktionen aufgefasst werden sollten, sondern ihnen eine besondere Stellung außerhalb der Nationalliteraturen gebührt werden sollte. Außerdem soll diese Arbeit weiterhin dazu anregen, die Stellung hybrider Literaturen, die durch Globalisierungsprozesse und Migration drastisch geprägt sind, der Aktualität entsprechend immer wieder neu zu erörtern.
1990 sonrası Alman çocuk ve gençlik edebiyatında "Türk Çocukları" motifi
Almanya'da en büyük yabancı çoğunluğu oluşturan Türkler ve onların çocukları edebiyat alanında bazı roman ve hikâyelerde yer almaktadır. Bu çalışmada, Almanya'da yaşayan, çocuk ve gençlik yazını bağlamında eserlerini kaleme alan Türk kökenli ve Alman yazarların eserleri tarihsel olarak karşılaştırmalı bir biçimde incelenecektir. Günümüzde daha çok göçmen edebiyatı olarak adlandırılan Türk – Alman edebiyatı kendi içerisinde taşıdıkları özellikler doğrultusunda dönemlere ayrıştırılarak, her bir döneme denk gelecek üç tane eser seçilecek ve yazdıkları eserler özelliklerine göre değerlendirilecektir. İncelenecek eserler 1990-2020 yılları arasında kronolojik olarak sıralanarak çocuk ve gençlik edebiyatında nasıl bir değişim oluştuğu somutlaştırılmaya çalışılacaktır. Anahtar Sözcükler Göç, Çocuk ve Gençlik Edebiyatı, Almanya, Türkiye, Karşılaştırmalı Edebiyat
Der werteverfall in den erzählwerken von Heinrich Böll nach dem 2. Weltkrieg
The aim of the thesis is to highlight a definition of the term values in the theoretical field. The essence of the work is to describe the theoretical foundations of the values of a culture, language and society. To this end, this section first gives a brief introduction to the topic of culture, language and society, so that in the next section keywords associated with the concept of values can be shown, for example linguistic, cultural and social values. In addition, the term value is presented in connection with the terms deterioration, change, loss. The word depreciation is taken and formulated in terms of depreciation. In addition, the term value is presented in connection with the terms deterioration, change, loss. The decline in value, change in value, and depreciation in relation to the term value will be discussed later. In this part of the doctoral thesis, the theoretical foundations of the term depreciation are presented using the example of Nietzsche, Lukacs and Adorno. Then, using the example of Georg Simmel, sociology of values, cultural and social degeneration and the degeneration of language according to Ferdinand Saussure are presented. In addition, the historical background of the 2nd World War is explained here. The aim of the work in the practical section is to delve into the post-World War II works of Heinrich Böll to embody the concept of decline in value. How the degeneration of cultural, linguistic and social values led to a transformation at the end of World War II. Depending on the content of the research, the cultural, linguistic and social decline in values necessary for the study, the works are discussed, that is, the passages in the works are written, for example, the cultural, social, linguistic depreciation at the end of World War II. Finally, Heinrich Böll's narrative works are presented as a reflection of the war on society. It was a mirror of the social structure, philosophy and complexity of that period. Keywords: Value, depreciation, World War II, female figures, Author Heinrich Böll Meine Diplomarbeit besteht aus zwei Bereiche. Einmal aus einem theoretischen und aus einem praktischen Teil. Im Theoretischen Bereich der Arbeit wird versucht einer Definition von dem Begriff Wert zu geben. Das Wesen der Studie besteht darin, die theoretischen Grundlagen der Werte einer Kultur, Sprache und Gesellschaft zu erläutern. Hierzu wird zuvor zunächst eine kurze Einführung in das Thema Sprache, Kultur und Gesellschaft geben. Nebst werden die Begriffe wie Wertverfall, Wertwandel, Wertverlust hierbei aus verschiedenen Blickwinkeln konkretisiert. In diesem Rahmen werden im theoretischen Teil Nietzsche, Lukacs und Adorno Ansichten herangezogen. Anschließend wird ausgehend von Georg Simmel Ansatz der Begriff Wert näher betrachtet. Abschließend wird die Trümmerliteratur als Reflektion des Krieges auf die Gesellschaft dargestellt. Im praktischen Teil der Arbeit wird am Beispiel von Heinrich Böll Werke der Wertverfall erörtert. In den Werken von Böll wird veranschaulicht, wie die kulturelle, gesellschaftliche und sprachliche Werte durch den Krieg sich ändern. Es werden Passagen aus den Romanen von Böll herausgenommen, klassifiziert und interpretiert. Die Gründe und ihre Folgen vom gesellschaftlichen Wertverfall werden hierbei vor allem hervorgehoben. Hierbei wird insbesondere auf das Frauenbild eingegangen. Zumal man betonen muss, dass der Autor Böll in seinen literarischen Schaffen mit zahlreichen und unterschiedlichen Frauenfiguren eine gute Basis für die Arbeit gibt. Im Laufe der Jahrhunderte haben Frauen aufgrund sozialer Zwänge und einer auf bestimmten Werten basierenden Erziehung ein anderes Denken (und Verhalten) und ein anderes Selbstbild als Männer entwickelt. Nie war das Leben der Frauen in der deutschen Gesellschaft einfach, was sich auch in die Literatur reflektiert, aber mit dem Krieg standen sie vor einem großen Problem. Neben dem Haushalt mussten sie auch in Fabriken arbeiten, um Geld zu verdienen, um ihre Familien zu versorgen. Vor diesem Hintergrund werden Bölls Frauenfiguren in dieser Arbeit aus dem oben genannten Perspektiven analysiert. Die Werke des Autors sind detailliert geordnet und in verschiedene Kategorien eingeteilt. Schlussfolgernd wird versucht in Bölls Werken der Begriff Wertverfall in Bezug auf die Frau zu filtern und einen allgemeinen Stereotyp zu schaffen. Schlüsselwörter: Wert, Wertverfall, 2. Weltkrieg, Frauenmotiv, Heinrich Böll
Die integrationsproblematik und identitätserschaffung aus der perspektive des multikulturalismus. Eine politisch- und literarische debatte in den werken der autoren Serdar Somuncu und Thilo Sarrazin
The international migration therefore appears to be one of the most challenging and complex issues that governments have to deal with, especially nowadays. With the existence of different groups like foreigners, locals, citizens, immigrants and refugees, it is very difficult for countries to have a homogeneous social structure. Demands are made for coherence in migration policies, but it is not an easy goal as different values need to be reconciled, including economic, security and humanitarian. At this point, multiculturalism is one of the most important topics of discussion in contemporary political theory and it is based on the demands of ethnocultural groups for the recognition of their identity and culture. Multiculturalism is still a controversial issue for Germany and is not officially recognized by Germany. This situation leads to a deepening debate between the nature of citizenship and belonging in Germany in the context of integration. In this context, the aim of the work is to find an answer to Germany's integration problem with multiculturalism and to make a contribution to the literature with an alternative reading of existing problems. For this purpose, the methodology of the work and then the concepts of multiculturalism and identity are discussed in the first part of the work. After giving the definition of multiculturalism and its historical development, the views of Charles Taylor and Will Kymlicka, who represent the communitarian and liberal view, are included. In the second chapter, the integration in Germany was debated and the applicability of the Canadian model in Germany was mentioned, giving the appearance of multiculturalism in different countries. In the practical part of the work, the works of the authors, "Der Antitürke" Serdar Somuncus and "Deutschland schafft sich ab" Thilo Sarrazins were examined, which represent the different ideas of integration and to which the critical discourse analysis of Ruth Wodak was applied. Die internationale Migration erscheint heutzutage als eines der herausforderndsten und komplexesten Probleme, mit denen Regierungen umgehen müssen. Mit der Existenz unterschiedlicher Gruppen wie Ausländer, Einheimische, Bürger, Einwanderer, Flüchtlinge ist es für Länder sehr schwierig, eine homogene soziale Struktur zu haben. Die Anforderungen werden an die Kohärenz in der Migrationspolitik gestellt, aber es ist kein leichtes Ziel, da unterschiedliche Werte miteinander in Einklang gebracht werden müssen, einschließlich wirtschaftlicher, sicherheitsbezogener und humanitärer. An dieser Stelle ist der Multikulturalismus eines der wichtigsten Diskussionsthemen in der zeitgenössischen politischen Theorie und er basiert auf den Forderungen ethnokultureller Gruppen nach der Anerkennung ihrer Identität und Kultur. Der Multikulturalismus ist für Deutschland noch ein umstrittenes Thema und wird von Deutschland nicht offiziell anerkannt. Diese Situation führt zu einer sich vertiefenden Debatte zwischen dem Wesen der Staatsbürgerschaft und der Zugehörigkeit in Deutschland im Kontext der Integration. Das Ziel der Arbeit ist es in diesem Zusammenhang, eine Antwort auf das Integrationsproblem Deutschlands mit dem Multikulturalismus zu finden und mit einer alternativen Lesart zu bestehenden Problemen einen Beitrag zur Literatur zu leisten. Zu diesem Zweck werden im ersten Teil der Arbeit zunächst die Methodik der Arbeit und dann die Begriffe der Multikulturalismus und die Identität diskutiert. Nachdem die Definition des Multikulturalismus und seine historische Entwicklung gegeben wird, werden die Ansichten von Charles Taylor und Will Kymlicka einbezogen, die die kommunitaristische und liberale Sicht vertreten. Im zweiten Kapitel wurde die Integration in Deutschland debattiert und die Anwendbarkeit des kanadischen Modells in Deutschland erwähnt. Im praktischen Teil der Arbeit wurden die Werke der Autoren, „Der Antitürke" Serdar Somuncus und „Deutschland schafft sich ab" Thilo Sarrazins unter die Lupe genommen, die die unterschiedliche Integrationsvorstellungen vertreten und an denen die kritische Diskursanalyse von Ruth Wodak angewendet wurde.
Aspekte der toleranz in Angelika Overaths roman "Ein Winter in Istanbul"
In dieser Arbeit wurde das Werk Ein Winter in Istanbul von Angelika Overath analysiert. Die Arbeit besteht aus zwei Teilen. In dem ersten Teil geht es um die Theorie, in der auf die Themen Aufklärung, Toleranz, Philosophie von Nikolaus von Kues, Merkmale der Gegenwartsliteratur, Erzähltheorien, Interkulturalität, Intertextualität, Intermedialität, Hermeneutik und Rezeptionsästhetik eingegangen wurde. Es wurden die Themen Toleranz und die Philosophie von Cusanus detailiert bearbeitet, da die Toleranz das Hauptthema und Cusanus der Hauptcharakter des Werkes sind. Die Entwicklung der Toleranz von der Antike bis in die Moderne werden ebenfals behandelt. Neben Nikolaus von Kues wird in der Arbeit auch auf Voltaire, Kant und Lessing, die sich für die Toleranz und für die Religionsfreiheit eingesetzt haben eingegangen. Bei der Philosopie von Nikolaus von Kues wurden die einzelen Themen seiner Theorien dargestellt dabei wurde vor allem auf die Themen Cusanus und das Nicht- Widerspruchsprinizp von Aristoteles, die drei Grundtheoreme von Cusanus, Cusanus und der Humanismus und Cusanus und der Islam eingegangen. Beim zweiten Teil handelt es sich um den praktischen Teil, in dem Zitate aus dem Werk herausgefiltert und nach Themen sortiert wurden. Diese Zitate wurden im Bezug auf die Themen in dem theoretischen Teil analysiert. Bevor die Analyse durchgeführt wird, wird die Autorin kurz vorgestellt und die Figurenkonstelationen wurden unter die zwei Überschriften „geschichtliche Figuren" und „fiktionale Figuren" in Tabellenform dargestellt. Das Ziel dieser Arbeit war, die Vielfalt im Werk von Angelika Overath zu präsentieren und zu zeigen, wie sie mit ihrem Werk darauf abzielte, bei ihren Lesern Toleranzgefühle zu erwecken.
Der einsatz von neuen medien im daf-unterricht eine kontrastive und semiotische analyse von der verwendung multimedialer hilfsmittel im rahmen neues lernen-neues handeln
Foreign language teaching is not just a teaching and learning process where you learn a new language. It is also a growth and development of oneself accompanied by a new foreign culture. In this sense, it is important to realize a entertaining and dynamic foreign language teaching with examples from daily life. New technological developments have also affected foreign language teaching and made the use of new media inevitable. In this study, the effect of the use of new media on foreign language teaching was examined. The aim of this study is to provide an overview of the use of information technologies within the scope of new teaching methods in foreign language teaching in order to achieve the desired objectives. This study is closely related to how new media can influence foreign language teaching and to what extent the use of information technologies can help foreign language learners in acquiring a new language. In this study, teaching and learning processes implemented in foreign language teaching in schools in Turkey has also been mentioned. This study consists of two parts as theoretical and practical. In this context, firstly theoretical framework is presented. The theoretical framework presented in the first part is consistent with the research method in the application part of the study. The second part of this study reflects the data obtained from interviews with research groups in the application field and the evaluation of the results obtained by analyzing of these data. As a result, the effect of new technological developments on foreign language teaching and the use of new media in foreign language courses were pointed out. Key Words: Foreign language course, information technologies, multimedia, auxiliary resources
New historicism as reception of the Turkish orient in the travel report "On the German Railway in Asia Minor" (1892) by Friedrich Dernburg
The present work deals with the reception of the Turkish Orient. The investigation was carried out according to the New Historicism method based on Friedrich Dernburg's travel report "Auf Deutscher Bahn in Kleinasien" (1892). An attempt was made to highlight the passages while critically examining the travel report in which the author depicts the picture of the Turk in relation to a person or the Turkish Orient as a whole, from his point of view. If possible, these text passages were commented on. Based on the investigation, a picture of the Turkish Orient in the 19th century could be shown, which has been handed down through the literature, here through the travel report, up to our century. Keywords: New Historicism, Germany, Turkey, German-Turkish relations, travel report, travelogue, Friedrich Dernburg
Eine vergleichende semiotische analyse der automobilwerbungen im Deutschen und Türkischen
Almost as old as human history, advertising is one of the most important sales marketing methodes. Today, many advertising tools are often used in daily life.Among these, the most frequently used ones are written and visual advertising tools.In this study, Turkish and German advertisments were compared to see what linguistic ( semantic ) similarities exist between the two.Frequently used methods in advertising analysis;symbols, perceptions, rhetorical figures and styles so on have been emphasized, especially in car commercials. Keywords : Linguistics , Germany, Turkey, Advertisement, Car, Semantics
Literarische synthese zum Türkischen frauenbild. ein vergleich der protagonistinnen bei Kurban Said: Das Mädchen vom Goldenen Horn und Fatma Aydemir: Ellbogen
This article deals with a historical-literary evaluation of the Orient on the basis of the work by Kurban Said, written in German in 1938 and translated into Turkish in 2020, who wrote with this novel "Das Mädchen vom Goldenen Horn" a kind of literary treatise on the cultural conflict between the Orient and the Occident. The Orient is embodied by the protagonist Asiadeh, but begins in the Occident, in Berlin, and ends in the Orient or at least in the sensual longing for it. It follows that a controversy arises between the Occident (Berlin) and the Orient (Istanbul). The novel describes the cultural, oriental and feminine potential of Turkish society in the diaspora and accordingly defines its values. In addition, the historical and political events are explained and allow an explicit research of Kurban Said to emerge. The present contribution defines the literary standpoints on the Orient, Occident and Turkish culture and integrates them into the scientific Orient cycle. To make a comparison to the Modern, the work by Fatma Aydemir, written about 100 years later: Elbow, is added. Keywords Home, identity, classical literature, orient, occident
Konsekutivdolmetschen und die notizentechnik - Die anwendung der notizentechnik in dem sprachenpaar Deutsch und Türkisch
In this thesis it is explained and shown through sample texts what note taking techniques are and how they need to be applied especially in the Turkish and German language pair. As it is not possible to learn the Turkish- German interpretation profession in Germany, the universities in Turkey are very important in delivering the education of the new generation in this field. The aim of this study is to develop a guide to note-taking techniques. The focus of the thesis is on the teaching and application of note-taking techniques in consecutive interpretation. In the introduction part of the thesis, after a historical perspective on the translation profession, expectations from the interpreter and professional requirements will be evaluated. Furthermore it will be explained how the interpreter who will take part in business life should be prepared professionally. In the second part of the thesis, theoretical approaches and basic principles regarding note taking in consecutive interpretation will be presented. In the main section, many examples will be shown so as to introduce the note-taking methods. The method will be introduced by applying note-taking techniques on speech texts in both languages in the tables in the last part of the thesis.
Kafka'nın "Die Verwandlung" adlı öyküsünün ara dilden çeviri bağlamında değerlendirilmesi
Bu çalışmada "Ara Dilden Çeviri" olgusu konu edilmiş ve uygulamalı örnek düzleminde betimleyici bir yaklaşımla ara dilden çevirinin etkisi tartışmaya açılmıştır. Bu bağlamda Kafka'nın "Die Verwandlung" adlı öyküsünün Mehmet Harmancı tarafından aracı bir dil üzerinden yapıldığı düşünülen Türkçe çevirisi, kaynak metin olarak kullanıldığı belirlenen İngilizce çevirisi ve Kamuran Şipal tarafından yapılan doğrudan çeviri betimsel çeviri araştırmaları ışığında karşılaştırılarak incelenmiştir. Bu amaçla öncelikle çeviri süreci öncesi normların neler olduğu, bir başka ifadeyle ilgili çevirmenlerin çeviri anlayışlarını belirleyen norm ve kısıtlamalar, çeviri öncesi yapılan çalışmalar, çeviri stratejileri ortaya koyulmaya çalışılmıştır. İncelemede ilgili öyküyü Almancadan İngilizceye çeviren Willa ve Edwin Muir çiftinin çeviri kararlarının ara dil çevirmenini etkileyip etkilemediği ya da söz konusu çeviri kararlarının ara dil çevirmeninin işini mi güçleştirdiği yoksa metni çözümlemede fayda mı sağladığı sorgulanmıştır. Çeviri karşılaştırmaları sonucunda elde edilen veriler "Devingen Dil Kullanımı Bakımından Ara Dilden Çeviri", "Eklemeler" ve "Çıkarmalar" olmak üzere üç ana başlık altında çeşitli çeviri kuramlarından faydalanılarak çoğulcu bir yaklaşımla yorumlanmaya çalışılmıştır. Eser analizlerinde özellikle Gideon Toury tarafından geliştirilen "Betimleyici Çeviri Araştırmaları" yönteminden ve Eugene Albert Nida'nın "eşdeğer etki" kavramına dair görüşlerinden faydalanılmıştır.
Fatih Akın'ın seçili filmlerinin trans-kültürlülük bağlamında kültür göstergebilimsel çözümlenmesi / A cultural-semiotic analysis of the films by Fatih Akın taking into account the transculturality
In today's world, the concept of culture differs in terms of both space and time. This differentiation enables the concept to be considered as a dynamic process on the one hand, and on the other hand, it makes societies rich in terms of diversity. In order to understand and describe this heterogeneous structure of societies, it is known that concepts such as "Multiculturalism" and "Interculturalism"" are used in the related field. As an alternative to these mainstream approaches, the concept of "Transculturality" (Transculturalism) put forward by Wolfgang Welsch handles the issue from a very different perspective, as well as enabling a broader study ground in the field. In this respect, in this study, the concept of "Transculturality" is examined with other definitions, to what extent it represents the singular in the universal and to what extent it is suitable for research in the definition of individual identity. Since identity formation is not the subject of this research, " Transculturality " has only been considered by definition. From this point of view, the definition of "Transcultural" individual was scrutinized on the basis of Fatih Akın's own identity and his films. Because Fatih Akın and his movies are closely followed by audiences in Germany and Turkey, the term "Transculturality" has been the subject of several investigations. The abstract situation related to this definition of individual identity was tried to be analyzed with cultural semiotic methods. Cultural semiotics and general semiotics were discussed, and the content of the films were examined. Here, the semiosphere (Semiosphäre), which was created by Jurij Mikhailovich Lotman, was applied to use the phenomenon of culture in terms of semiotics. The aim of this study is to analyze the movies of Fatih Akın in the light of the concepts of "Transculturality" and culture semiotics in order to reveal the "Transcultural" elements with the help of cultural semiotics. In unserer heutigen Welt zeigt sich der Kulturbegriff sowohl räumlich als auch zeitlich vielfältig. Diese Vielfalt führt dazu, einerseits diesen Begriff als einen dynamischen Prozess zu untersuchen und anderseits die Gesellschaften als vielfältig zu gestalten. Es ist bekannt, dass die Begriffe "Multikulturalität" und "Interkulturalität" ins Licht treten, um diese Heterogenität der Gesellschaften zu verstehen und zu beschreiben. Als eine Alternative dieser Ansätze leistet der von Wolfgang Welsch vorgeführte Begriff "Transkulturalität" eine Annäherung, diese Angelegenheiten aus einer verschiedenen Perspektive auszuarbeiten und in einem größeren Feld zu analysieren. In diesem Zusammenhang wurde in dieser Arbeit der Begriff "Transkulturalität" mit den anderen Ansätzen diskutiert und der Frage nachgegangen, wie sie das Besondere im Allgemeinen zeigt und wie sie zu einer Beschreibung einer individuellen Identität passt. Da die Identitätsbildung nicht die Absicht dieser Arbeit ist, wurde die "Transkulturalität" nur bezüglich ihrer Definition bearbeitet. Demzufolge wurde die "Transkulturalität" als individuelle Identität bei Fatih Akın und bei seinen Filmen ausgearbeitet. Die Filme von Fatih Akın wurden im Zusammenhang mit der "Transkulturalität" Gegenstand mehrerer Untersuchungen, da er und seine Filme in Deutschland und in der Türkei mit großem Interesse verfolgt werden. Die abstrakte Situation im Zusammenhang mit dieser Definition der individuellen Identität wurde versucht, mit kulturellen semiotischen Methoden analysiert zu werden. Die Kultursemiotik und allgemeine Semiotik wurden diskutiert und der Inhalt der Filme untersucht. Hier wurde das Konzept der Semiosphäre von Jurij Mikhailovich Lotman angewendet, um das Phänomen der Kultur semiotisch zu analysieren. Das Ziel dieser Arbeit ist es, die Filme von Fatih Akın bezüglich der "Transkulturalität" zu analysieren und mithilfe der Kultursemiotik die "transkulturellen" Elemente aufzudecken.
Edebiyatta yanlılık sorunsalı ve yanlılığın yazınsal yapıtlardaki oluşturum biçimleri
Sanat ve edebiyatın, ideoloji ve toplum arasında nasıl bir konumda yer aldığı ve alması gerektiği üzerine birçok görüş vardır. Edebiyatta yazarın veya şairin ideolojisini yapıtlarına yansıtıp yansıtmaması özgür seçimidir. Yanlılık, sanat ve edebiyatın estetik yapısını belirleyen unsur olmadığı sürece ve yanlı sanatçı veya yazar eserlerine yüksek estetik sanatsal özellik kazandırıyorsa, burada yanlı tutum olumsuz bir nitelik olarak görülmemelidir. Sömürülen ve ezilen halkın yaşadıklarına tanıklık eden Bertolt Brecht ve Nazım Hikmet baskıya karşı halkın direnişini estetikleştiren yapıtlarıyla çok açık şekilde yanlılıklarını ortaya koymuş yazarlardır. Nazım Hikmet, sanatçının önemli özelliğinin dünya görüşü olduğunu ve taraf olmasının bu nedenle gerekli olduğunu belirtmektedir. Brecht ise sanat ve edebiyatı, dünyanın değişiminde önemli etmen olarak görmektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, yazınbiliminde Yanlılık kavramının Türk ve Alman yazınından seçilen eserlerdeki rolünü ve yansımalarını karşılaştırmalı olarak, marksist, sosyolojik ve yorum-bilimsel inceleme yöntemleri ışığında açıklamaktır. Çalışmada toplumcu gerçekçiliği benimsemiş olan Brecht ve Hikmet'in ideolojik yaklaşımlarının oluşma aşamasında etkilendikleri ideoloji ve toplumsal olaylar incelenecek, öncelikle yazınsallaştırma biçimleri gösterilecek ve yanlılığın yazınsal eserlerde nasıl ve hangi biçimlerde oluşturulduğu tespit edilecektir.
Die reflexionen der narrativen identitätskonstruktion im werk von Bernhard Schlink "Der Vorleser"
The present study focuses on the reflections on the narrative identity construction in Bernhard Schlink's work 'The Reader' and analyzes the life story of the protagonist and first-person narrator Michael Berg from this perspective. In the current social structure, the indicators and the basic conditions of a healthy identity formation are dwindling. Therefore, the process of identity formation is seen as a problematic area in the contemporary society. The identity problem is presented based on the literary text to point out the forms of identity's realization and how the methods of the identiy(s) are constructed. It is particularly noteworthy how these constructive aspects develop in the story and how the author creates the fictional characters to reflect the narrative in the story. In the consideration of this aspect, the approach concerning the 'narrative identity' and its construction on the basic basis is examined. This procedure is intended to indicate that the formation of identity is explicated as a real problem in the late modern era and that individuals are looking for new ways of constructing the identity. The conception and the aspect of the narrative identity is one of these construction methods in which subjects depict their identity in narrative and procedural terms in stories. The properties of narrativity are utilized in the analysis of the selected text corpus afterwords in order to emphasize that this form of construction is also used in the design of literary texts and visualizes the image of the characters present in the text. Die vorliegende Arbeit stellt die Reflexionen der narrativen Identitätskonstruktion im Werk von Bernhard Schlink ‚Der Vorleser' in den Vordergrund und analysiert aus dieser Perspektive die Lebensgeschichte des Protagonisten und Ich-Erzählers Michael Berg. In der gegenwärtigen Gesellschaftsstruktur schwinden die Indikatoren und die Grundbedingungen für eine gesunde Identitätsbildung. Der Prozess der Identitätsbildung wird daher in der Gegenwartsgesellschaft als Problembereich angesehen. Anhand des literarischen Textes wird das Identitätsproblem dargestellt, um auf die Konstruktionsweisen der Identität(en) hinweisen und der Realisierungsformen andeuten zu können. Es ist jedoch besonders bemerkenswert, wie sich diese konstruktiven Aspekte in der Erzählung ausdehnen und wie diese seitens des Autors geschaffen werden, um die fiktiven Personen in der Erzählung narrativ reflektieren zu können. Ausgehend von diesen Gesichtspunkten wird der Ansatz im Hinblick auf die ‚narrative Identität' und ihre Konstruktion auf der Grundbasis untersucht. Dieses Verfahren soll darauf hinweisen, dass die Identitätsbildung in der Spätmodernen als eigentliches Problem expliziert wird und dass Individuen sich auf der Suche neuer Konstruktionsweisen für die Ermöglichung der Identität befinden. Die Konzeption und der Aspekt der narrativen Identität ist einer dieser Konstruktionsweisen, bei denen Subjekte ihre Identität erzählend und prozessual in Geschichten abbilden. Die Eigenschaften der Narrativität werden dann übertragend bei der Analyse des ausgewählten Textkorpus angewendet, um zu betonen, dass diese Konstruktionsform auch bei der Gestaltung literarischer Texte verwendet werden und somit die Bilder, der im Text vorhandenen Figuren, visualisieren.
Women's image research and representation of problem situations of Turkish women on the basis of selected works by Saliha Scheinhardt
The present work deals with the image of women in Turkey. On the basis of the investigations carried out, an attempt is made to highlight the role of women in the traditional Turkish society and to provide an overview of gender-specific roles in Turkey. For this purpose, both domestic violence against women and its appearances and the impacts on its victims and also the social pressure on women are determined. In a further step the disadvantages of women on social, political and economic level are visualized and the cultural backgrounds for its discrimination on the labor market are being researched. Part of the information for the investigation was acquired in a social analysis by means of selected literary works by Saliha Scheinhardt, another part on the basis of independently recorded audio recordings at the workshop at Hacettepe University and at the reading in the Goethe Institute, with the author's consent. For the study, the novels "Schmerzensklänge", "Wahnliebe" and "Frauen, die sterben, ohne dass sie gelebt hätten" by the just mentioned writer were used and the sound recordings were transcribed. On the basis of the investigations could be represented the problem situation of Turkish women in traditional societies clearly.
Das walbaby" von Yüksel Pazarkaya übersetzung oder eine neufassung? -eine übersetzungswissenschaftliche auseinandersetzung
Bei der vorliegenden Arbeit handelt es sich um eine komparative Analyse des Kinderbuchs Balina'nın Bebeği in Deutsch Wal-Baby, welches von Yüksel Pazarkaya geschrieben und ins Deutsche selbst übersetzt wurde. Im ersten Teil dieser Arbeit wird ein Einblick in die Geschichte der Übersetzung geliefert und einige für die Selbstübersetzung relevante Übersetzungstheorien gegliedert. Anschließend wurden die Selbstübersetzungstheorien beschrieben. Um das Thema besser zu veranschaulichen, wurden Beispiele über die Erfahrungen einiger wichtiger Autoren, die als Selbstübersetzer tätig sind, beschrieben. Um die Grundlage der Analyse zu bilden, wurden Beispiele aus dem Werk Balina'nın Bebeği, welches aus dem Türkischen ins Deutsche übersetzt wurde, selektiert. Insgesamt wurden für die Analyse 37 Beispiele ausgewählt. Anschließend wurden die Beispiele auf ihre Übersetzungsmethoden und Verfahren untersucht. Für diese Untersuchung wurden die Übersetzungsmethoden, von L. Venuti verwendet. Hierbei wurde eine Unterteilung der einzelnen Beispiele nach der domestizierenden und der verfremdenden Übersetzungsmethode durchgeführt. Dem Ergebnis dieser Unterteilung zufolge, sind Zweiunddreißig der analysierten Beispiele mit der domestizierenden Übersetzungsmethode und nur Fünf mit der verfremdenden Methode übertragen worden. Bei der Analyse der Übersetzungsverfahren, die Pazarkaya angewandt hat, liegt der Schwerpunkt, auf den Verfahren, die seinen ZT der Zielkultur anpassen, wie z. B. die Adaptation. Somit lässt sich erschließen, dass Pazarkaya bei seiner Selbstübersetzung die Zielkultur in den Vordergrund stellt, hat.
Eine komparatistische Untersuchung des Motivs der "Großen Mutter" im Drama des 20. Jahrhunderts: in Friedrich Dürrenmatts "Der Besuch der Alten Dame", Tennessee Williams' "Suddenly Last Summer" und Güngör Dilmens "Ben, Anadolu"
The literature science works with many disciplines cooperatively and improves its structure. No longer is it possible to regard literature only as a field for story books, novels or leisure activities. Day by day literature proves that it is indeed a science. World-wide popular books are not only adapted either as movies or TV series, but also analysed as literary and digital versions by the academic world. The reason why literature is a part of our lives is that it enriches its structure with the support of other disciplines; such as psychology, philosophy, sociology, religion and mythology, which proves the fact that they are of importance for literature and that they are an essential part of our lives. Hence, literature helps a person not only to face himself, but also to be a bridge between his past and his future. It transfers the conscious. Derived from the stated idea, in this master's thesis it is aimed to state out this transfer of conscious in the three plays of the twentieth century. The main objective of this master's thesis is to demonstrate the motive "magna mater" in other words "the great mother" within the scope of the main figures of the plays of the following playwrights: Friedrich Dürrenmatt's "The Visit of the Old Lady", Tennessee Williams' "Suddenly Last Summer" and Güngör Dilmen's "I, Anatolia". The idea of the analysis has been inspired by the archetypal theory of the Swiss Psychologist Carl Gustav Jung. The archetype "the Great Mother" has been analysed upon the perspective of mythology and philosophy within the context of the motives and the symbols belonging to the main figures of the plays. The main objective of this master's thesis is not only the comparison of the main figures of these plays, which have been written by the authors from three different geographies, but also the proof of the fact that the main figure comprises of the features of the archetype "the Great Mother".
Sprachvariationen in instant messaging apps wie whatsapp. Eine sprachwissenschaftliche analyse
Nowadays, due to the ever-increasing digitalisation, an enormous amount of archived speech date came to existence as it has never been seen before. An increasing number of innovative forms of communication occurs, like for example those in virtual communicative spaces as instant messenger chat rooms. The language data analysed in this scientific study were taken from various virtual WhatsApp chat rooms and collected over a two year period. In this context, exemplarily those excerpts of the text corpus were chosen that can reflect specific linguistic phenomena that are of a great importance for digital and multilingual conversations. The specialty and the point that makes this study uniquely positioned in this field of research are the speakers the linguistic data is derived from: The test subjects are part of a Turkish-German, multilingual and multicultural language community. The research hereby deals, beneath a regular rhetoric analysis, especially with interference errors and the code-switching phenomena as well. The intention of this qualitative study is to find out how far the language has internationally been influenced by the progress of digitisation and which changes it has undergone. Hereby, language change and language as a social phenomenon will be discussed and und not only language acquisition in general but also language varieties as youth language, plan language, slang and chat language and its characteristics considered. Especially different kinds of word formation and its specific types of use and contexts of use in the virtual communication space are considered an integral component of the present analysis. Finally, future opportunities to follow up this analysis and an outlook for future developments in this research are will be issued.
Die intellektuelle physiognomie der künstlerischen gestalten und besonderheit des kunstwerkes in der literaturkunst. Eine vergleichende analyse. Dargestellt an den ausgewählten romanen Von Herta Müller und Orhan Pamuk
The aim of this study is to analyse "the intellectual physiognomy in characterization" approach of Lukács through a pluralist method in Herta Müller's and Orhan Pamuk's selected novels comparatively. In order to understand what Lukács means by the concept of intellectual physiognomy, the concepts of physiognomy and physiognomic that provide basis for the approach in question will be dealt as the field of meaning and use primarily and especially the relation between literature and the concept of physiognomic will be evaluated within the context of internal-external dialectics. In this sense, the determinations of Lukács within the frame of the intellectual physiognomy in characterization approach exposits the figure in an artwork to be considered in a multifaceted way in question. Lukács underlines internal-external dialectics by the term of intellectual physiognomy analogously to the physiognomic approach. Differently from that, he points out the spiritual and sensory associations of physiognomy in a pluralist manner. According to Lukács, figures affect each other, subject, space and the style of the author in a hierarchical order. So, his specified points from the aspect of characterization within the scope of intellectual physiognomy of artistic figures approach will be found out. Subsequently, the novels "Reisende auf einem Bein" of the nobel-winning German author Herta Müller and "Kafamda Bir Tuhaflık" of the nobel-winning Turkish author Orhan Pamuk will be analysed within the frame of characterization in consideration of Lukács's approach in question. The similar and divergent aspects of the two authors will be revealed comparatively in this context. The author's interwoven and multifaceted characterization of the individual with his/her society are observed clearly on figures in Pamuk's and Müller's selected works. In this study, it is inferred that one of the most remarkable factors of the authors' transferring their locality to universality is their figures with intellectual physiognomy. Keywords Physiognomy, Georg Lukács, Characterization, Intellectual Physiognomy, Specialty of Artworks, Herta Müller, Orhan Pamuk.
Kültürlerarası bağlamda Yüksel Pazarkaya'nın eseri "Ben Aranıyor" ve çevirisi "Ich und die Rose" örneğinde özçeviri
Bi- or multilingualism is a common phenomenon due to increased migration and globalization. It is also possible to see the reflections of this situation in the field of literature. Many multilingual writers use their qualification to express themselves in their literary work. This bilingual writing allows many authors to translate their own literary works for different reasons. Yüksel Pazarkaya not only owes his special position in Contemporary German Literature to his bilingual work, but is also an exception because he works as a self-translator, and he is almost the only one among Turkish-German writers of Turkish origin who writes his work in two languages. This study provides an overview of how Pazarkaya utilizes the translation process as a self-translator. On the basis of first published "Ben Aranıyor" and its translation "Ich und die Rose", it aims to reveal what privileges self-translators have in contrast to conventional translators. The results of the analysis show that Pazarkaya used the self-translation process to improve his work and continued to write the German version in that process.
Lexikalische entlehnungen in der Deutschen und Türkischen werbesprache
Characteristics of goods and services (the products) that are utilized for fulfilling the needs of the people are consistently changing due to the emergence of new and different markets alongside with the developments in technology and such change generally comes into existence with "the advertisement" of products. Since the advertisement is a laid emotive bridge between the customer and the product, the advertisement is one of the most important tools for business operators to introduce the product to the customer. The words that are used in the advertisements thereby consist the foundation of the aforesaid emotive bridge. The more the words in the advertisements are appealing and distinctive, the more it attracts the attention of the customer and deepens the emotive bond. Accordingly, the words utilized in the advertisement at the present time are mostly borrowed from nonnative languages that are perceived as popular and appealing (particularly from the English) and such nonnative originated words increase the emotive bond within the advertisement by proliferating in the native language. In this study by addressing the lexical borrowing from nonnative languages used in German and Turkish advertisements, it is aimed to identify the classes of loanwords and from which languages they are borrowed from. For this purpose, a study that includes tangible illustrations from magazines that are the elements of printed media and that consists of two sections were conducted being the theoretical and the practical. In the theoretical section respectively; i. the concept of "Advertisement" is handled with its historical background and features; ii. "Lexical borrowings" are evaluated in detail with their characteristics and word classes. In the practical section which is the most important part of the study, the loanwords used in advertisements in German and Turkish magazines are scrutinized. The etymologies of the loanwords are identified and after grouping them under language families they are additionally classified and listed according to their word classes. With the identified results, it is observed that cultural and geographical aspects are important in the utilization of such borrowed words. Key Words: Advertisement, the language of advertisement, lexical borrowings, loanword, foreign word, the origin of the word, word class
Zur Rolle von Emotionen bei der Gestaltung von Nachrichten anhand von Zeitungsberichten aus der Türkei
Undoubtedly, the most importent feature that distinguishes human being from other livings things in the universe is having emotions. Emotions are the essential building stones which exist in every phase of life and contribute to human being in terms of understanding and interpreting life. In this exhibited work, cognition and emotion are examined as the items that complete each other in the process of detection and it is claimed that they have a strong connection between them. Then , the information is given about the concept of "Infotainment" which can be translated into Turkish as "Eğitlence" and it has been shown up recently. Finally , the findings obtained fron the analysis of the news examined in terms of form and content are probed by asking questions at the starting point of the research.
"Voll Krass Geil Bro" - Eine linguistische analyse der jugendsprache in Deutschland
Youth language, it can also be calles youthful jargon, is a linguistic structure in which certain segments of the society reveal their own identities depending on the age group. The aim of this study is to analyze the idioms used by young people as well as linguistic structure of the youth language and examine them whit concrete examples. My thesis consists of four parts. In the first part of the study, the topic of youth language is overviewed. In this process, the definitions of "youth", "youth culture" and "youth language" is explained. As a result, it was concluded that ist was natural process for an teenager to distance himself from the parents and to turn towards a group fo friends. In addition, it is stated that this group of friends have theirown language and the adoption of the teenager by their friends is necessary for the development of self-worth. Afterwords, the historical development of youth language its cultural and political interactions, also how youth language was influcenced by language used by latin, old Greek and university teenagers are handled. The lifestyle of teenagers and how this lifestyle is perceived by adults has been studied. In the second part of the study, current research situations of youth language apart from today´s research was examined. One of the important issues in this part is the different approaches of the scientists who are interested in youth language. Based on these approaches, it has been mentioned that they from youth languages research models. In the third part of the study, linguistic features of youth language were introduced by adding examples from various sources. In this section, phonetic, morphological, and vocabulary features of youth language are examined. Young people have created a unique style of speech by using these features. The idoms used by the youth in the fourth and last part were analyzed. As a result of the research, it has been revealed that the use of language has chaned with social fectors as well as with age and it has been revealed the young people show their creativity and humor abilities in some specific words and sentences they use.
Die darstellung von ‚krankheit' und ‚kunst' in ausgewählten erzählungen von Thomas Mann
In this thesis the representations of the two concepts 'illness' and 'art' are analysed in some selected short stories by Thomas Mann. His "Der Wille zum Glück ", "Der kleine Herr Friedemann" and "Tristan" were found available for our purpose. The reason why we choose them is that these two concepts can be shown clearly in these short stories. The concept of illness emerges as reflections of degeneration and collapse in the Décadence-period. The most significant feature of this period is the tendency towards art. The perception of art in the period and the position of the artist in society draw attention with the motifs of 'illness' in these three works of the author. 'Women figures', 'nature', 'death' and 'the north-south problem' strengthen these two concepts and therefore, these concepts were considered as important and were emphasized in the appropriate sections. At the beginning of our study, Thomas Mann's biography and the period of literature were mentioned. In addition, the philosophers whose ideas influenced the author were also included. This information was also useful in the analysis process of our work. The concept of illness was discussed in both medical and metaphorical meaning. The role of the artist in the society was also examined under a separate title since it was thought to be useful in the analysis of short stories by Thomas Mann. In the analysis section of the study, the characters in the works were evaluated in terms of their connections with illness and art. It was stated that both concepts were presented by symbolizing the figures in these short stories. Considering the characteristics of the literary period in which the author is present, the illnesses of the figures were interpreted as Décadence-period disease. The tendency towards art in this period appeared as the artists who can no longer be productive.
Bilindik olanın yabancılığı: Judith Hermann'ın seçilmiş öykülerinde yolculuklar, karşılaşmalar, mekanlar ve hatıralar
Almanya'nın yetiştirdiği genç yazarlardan biri olan Judith Hermann gerek yazdığı kitaplarla gerekse basına verdiği demeçlerle son yılların kendinden en çok bahsettiren isimleri arasına girmeyi başardı. 1970 Berlin doğumlu kadın yazar aldığı gazetecilik eğitimi sonrası gittiği Amerika'da yazma tutkusuna yenik düşüp, Almanya'ya dönüşünün ardından 1998 yılında ilk kitabı Yaz Evi, Daha Sonra'yı (orj. Sommerhaus später) yayımladı. Kitap, aralarında Türkçe'nin de olduğu 17 farklı dile çevrildi ve sadece Almanya sınırları içerisinde değil çevrildiği bütün ülkelerde büyük yankı uyandırdı. Yankılara tepkisiz kalmayan Hermann ise yazarlık kariyerine devamında da sayısız öykü ve bir de roman sığdırarak Çağdaş Alman Edebiyatındaki yerini sağlamlaştırdı. Genç kadın yazar kaleminden dökülenler ile günümüz bireylerin karmaşık iç ve dış dünyalarına ışık tutmayı başarmış, gerçek aşka ve gerçek sevgiye duydukları açlığı ve özlemi en yalın hali ile ortaya koymuş, uzak ülkelere, uzak şehirlere çıkılan seyahatleri ve seyahatlerde biriktirilen anıları kaydetmiş ve bütün bu unsurları renkli mozaik taşları misali birleştirerek devasa bir resim oluşturmayı başarmıştır. Bu yankılara bilim dünyası da duyarsız kalmamış, dünyanın birçok üniversitesinde Hermann eserleri içeriksel, dilsel ve biçimsel açıdan incelenmiş, anlatıların dönemimiz bağlamında birçok farklı perspektiften önemi vurgulanmıştır. Bu tez çalışması tutunmayı başaramamış bütün bir kuşağın aynadaki yansımasını incelemeyi kendine amaç edinmiştir. Üç bölümden oluşan yüksek lisans tezinin birinci bölümü dönemi ve dönem özelliklerini ele almış, dönemi şekillendirmekte büyük rol sahibi kadın yazarı ve onun modern edebiyattaki yerini tartışmıştır. Tezin ikinci bölümünde seçilmiş yedi öyküye yer verilmiştir. Bunlar seyahatler, karşılaşmalar, mekanlar ve anılar başlıkları altında incelenmiş olup Çağdaş Alman Edebiyatı açısından birçok önemli faktörü çeşitli alıntı ve kaynaklar aracılığı ile gözler önüne sermiştir. Yüksek lisans tez çalışmasının üçüncü kısmında ise çağımızın en önemli yapı taşlarından birini temsil eden dil olgusu işlenmiştir. Kendi içinde ikiye ayrılan bu bölüm birincil olarak genç kadın yazar Judith Hermann'ın kendine has dilini incelemeyi amaçlamış, ardından yirminci yüzyılın en önemli edebiyat eleştirmenlerinden, kültür yorumcularından ve yazınbilimcilerinden biri olan Walter Benjamin'in 'Çevirmenin Görevi' metni ışığında İlknur Özdemir tarafından gerçekleştirilen çevirinin karşılaştırılmalı olarak incelenmesini hedeflemiştir.
Zur entwicklung von gesprächskompetenzen im deutschen als fremdsprache. eine longitudinale studie anhand der Germanistikstudenten in der Türkei
The acquisition and progress of speech skill poses a significant problem for the German Language and Literature and German Language Education departments who learn German as a second foreign language after English in Turkey. Based on this fact, this study aims to analyse the progress of German speech competence of the students who learn German as a second language after English along with their linguistic, pragmatic and discourse competence to form a whole through corpus-based data collected via a longitudinal study. In the experimental part of the study the corpus-based data was extracted from 20 exam and control speeches of 5 to 20 minute length applied to 8 students at the German Language and Literature department of Ege University Faculty of Letters and this data has been transcribed according to "the discourse and conversation-analytic transcription system" (GAT-2). Out of the speech evaluation criteria, the applicable ones to the study's corpus were summed in three categories. According to these criteria have been analysed on one exam and 2 control speeches for each subject and the progress in 3 years was determined. The study reveals that the speech competence of the students of the German Language and Literature Department who took part in the study as subjects did not improve significantly over the three years of undergraduate education following their first year at the university solely through attending courses. Furthermore, the German speech patterns of these students, the problems they face in this field and the strategies they employ have been determined.
Geschichts- und Kulturpessimismus in Max Frischs Dramenstück "Die Chinesische Mauer"
The drama The Chinese Wall spectacularly shows its audience that history and culture consist of repetition through repetitive injustices and incapable people that repeat themselves. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to examine The Chinese Wall in the context of theories of historical and cultural pessimism that emphasizes the understanding of cyclical history. In the first part of the study, the introduction, Max Frisch`s literary works especially the Chinese Wall and its dividedness to the other works were mentioned. In the second part, the reasons of the occurrence of pessimism and its historical development were demonstrated and following that pessimistic theories of Schopenhauer, Nietzsche and Spengler were examined. In this context it was pointed out that they interpreted the existence, history and culture with a cyclical approach. It was investigated how Max Frisch was influenced by them, especially from the understanding of cyclical history, and how this philosophical theory was carried into his literacy. The third part focused on Frisch`s interpretation of the theater in general. In this context the spatial and temporal dimensions of his theater, the recurrence motif, and various types of theater that he created under the influence of Brecht were analyzed. Furthermore, The Chinese Wall which the recurring motif is applied in and carries traces of the epic theater was examined. In the fourth part, the content of the drama was scrutinized regarding to the character constellation and the inability of the characters against the main problem of the drama which underlines the cyclical approach. Finally, the farce the generic name of the drama was analyzed and it was indicated that it punctuates the absurd elements of the drama.
Rekonstruktion von Machtasymmetrien mittels literarischer Übersetzung
Reconstructing power asymmetries through literary translation: This dissertation aims to study the metonymic representation of literary translations from Turkish into German together with the contexts and poetics they were created in and the new structure they created. In this dissertation, TEDA, the state-promoted translation and publishing project, and Türkische Bibliothek (Turkish Library), a non-governmental organization sponsored translation project, are the main objects of study. The analysis of two contemporary translation projects covering translations from the same source literary system into the same target literary system by mostly same translators on one hand points out different motivations of different sponsors, on the other hand provides the opportunity to compare the translation process with non-sponsored translations. TEDA Project has been studied in two layers, considering both motivation of the source culture and positions of TEDA sponsored translation in the market, revealing a conflict between discourse and conditions of the market. The promotional material provided for Türkische Bibliothek indicates various interests by publisher, editors and translators whereas analyzing translations which were not-sponsored by Türkische Bibliothek or TEDA and which were in the market in the same period provides insight on the book and translation market. This dissertation opposes the view of perceiving translations as solely abstract processes. The research conducted has been agency-oriented and deems current conditions as concrete data instead of idealizing them, thus does not accept translation research as solely a text-oriented activity. The research process includes actors as autonomous elements in data collecting and processing phase. The research covered semi-structured interviews with the actors. The interviews aimed to reach consistent results through comparison of data gathered from interviews and gathered though analysis of paratexts.
Audiovisuelles Übersetzen am Beispiel des Films "Goodbye, Lenin!" im Türkischen und Deutschen - Eine kulturvergleichende Untersuchung unter besonderer Berücksichtigung des semiotischen Aspektes
Communication media which address visual and auditory senses of individuals via sound and image are called audiovisual media. To fully understand audiovisual media such as movies in its totality may appear compelling for visually impaired individuals since sound and image are considered as primary transmission channels. Audiodescription can be described as a technique which uses special description methods to transfer the visual elements of a movie for visually impaired individuals and therefore can be regarded as intersemiotic translation. Compared to different translation types, audiodescription is a multidimensional process since audiodescription includes more than one transmission channels. This study traces first the history and methods of audiodescription and then positions the phenomenon in the theoretical framework of semiotics with reference to culture and translation studies. The thesis analyses the Turkish and German transfers of the visual elements of the movie "Goodbye, Lenin!" by Wolfgang Becker with particular focus on semiotics and concludes that the existing differences are caused by cultural factors.
Der junge Goethe und Werther als briefschreiber
The purpose of this thesis is to compare three letters written by Johann Wolfgang von Goethe and a sample letter selected among letters written by the main character Werther from Goethe's authored book The Sorrows of Young Werther. This book is the pioneer of the enthusiasm period in German literature history and the most important letter-novel sample in world literature. In this context, the writing style Letter gained great importance as a literary genre in 18th century German literature and is analyzed terminologically in the first part of the thesis. This is followed by the literary analysis where the periodical characteristics and phases are examined. A brief overview is given of the history of Letter writing manuals which had come to the forefront especially in 18th century. Both as a communication method and a literary genre, Letter is analyzed based on its development and importance during the historical, social and sociological structure of the Enlightenment and the Enthusiasm period. In the second part, in regard to his biography, three letters written by Young Goethe in his private life are analyzed in regard to his writing styles. The first letter that Young Goethe wrote was in Baroque writing style addressed to Ludwig Ysenburg von Buri when he was fourteen years old. The second letter which Goethe wrote to his sister Cornelia Goethe who was living in Frankfurt, was written under the influence of his Prof. Christian Führtegott Gellert when Goethe was a sixteen-year-old student at Leipzig University. The third and the most important letter is the one he wrote to Ernst Wolfgang Behrisch who had been his friend and mentor in Leipzig. This letter manifested all the eccentricities of the Enthusiasm period and expressed his emotional state in a dramatic way. In the third part of the thesis, shortly the travel of Young Goethe from Leipzig to Frankfurt, afterwards his trip to Strasburg where he went to complete his education, his meeting with Gottfried Herder which is accepted as the commencement of enthusiasm period and at last the period he spent in Wetzlar where he went to complete his internship, are narrated based on his biography. Furthermore, in this part, the origin story of The Sorrows of Young Werther is narrated. Afterwards, a letter dated sixteenth of June from this novel is compared to the Young Goethe's letter addressed to Ernst Wolfgang Behrisch which was introduced in the second part. The similarities and the writing styles of both letters are examined. The conclusion provides the findings of the comparative letter study of Goethe and Werther.