The effect of PRE-surgery skin preparation and antibiotic use on post-surgery wound infection

In this study, the use of antiseptic solution before surgery was performed descriptively to determine where, when the hair removal was performed and the selection of prophylactic antibiotics. Research data were collected from the operating room of Ankara University Faculty of Medicine Heart Center and cardiovascular surgery services within a certain time frame. The patients were informed and evaluated on the third day after surgery in the cardiovascular surgery department. The control of hair cleaning of the patients and the use of adhesive cover and antibiotics applied during the operation were evaluated in the operating room. According to the sample selection in certain groups of the universe, sixty people were found in the sample. The data were collected with the Voluntary Consent Form (ANNEX-1) indicating the patient's consent to the study to be performed, the Introductory Information Form (ANNEX-2) with questions about the study to be performed, the Values Form to be looked at in the Operating Room (ANNEX-3) and the Infection Assessment Form at the Surgery Site (ANNEX-4). The data obtained; the number was represented as a percentage, an average and statistical significance was checked with chi-square test and t test. In the study, surgical site infection (SSI) was detected at the level of 10% three days after open heart surgery. The results of the study were obesity, diabetes mellitus, duration of surgery and cardiopulmonary bypass, congestive heart failure, previous heart surgery, presence of comorbid (one or more disorders) conditions, poor hemostasis at the time of closure, presence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), Smokers, preoperative hospital stay and postoperative surgical site infections were not statistically significant (p>0.05). It was found that the absence of a written procedure for hair removal on the chest and leg of the saphenous vein of the patients, the use of various tools such as clippers, razors, and depilatory creams, and the absence of guidelines for the day of use of these tools did not statistically increase the risk of SSI. It was determined that the use of povidone iodine in the preoperative skin preparation of the patients and the continued use of drapes in some patients did not statistically affect the risk of SSI (p>0.05). The risk of SSI did not increase statistically due to the blood glucose regulation of the patients (p>0.05). The fact that the antibiotic treatments given to the patients and the physiological treatment procedures were planned in accordance with the relevant literature may have reduced the risk of SSI. The fact that patients were not screened for MRSA before open heart surgery, and that they did not have controls such as gingivitis and dental caries may have increased the risk of SSI. The fact that the patients were hospitalized in the days before the surgery may have affected the occurrence of SSI in the name of patient infection. The fact that the patients were normothermic, the fluid volume values and vital signs were within normal limits, and the patients who had no problems with oxygenation may have reduced the risk of SSI at the wound site; however, the difference in albumin levels in patients statistically affected the presence of SSI (p<0.05). It was recommended to re-examine all parameters that would affect SSI in a larger sample. Keywords: Open Heart Surgery; Surgical Site Infections; Nursing.