Introduction and evaluation of arguments for and against the existence of God in Contemporary Western literature in terms of analytic philosophy

This study makes a general introduction and evaluation of the arguments for and against the existence of God in contemporary analytic philosophy in order to contribute to contemporary Islamic theology (kalām) and discussions. The views put forward by thinkers about God are not independent of their schools of thought and general worldviews. For this reason, in the first part of this study, which consists of three parts, basic information about the existence of God in terms of analytic philosophy is expressed. In the second part, the arguments for and against the existence of God are introduced with a comprehensive classification and some prominent examples of these arguments are outlined. In the last part, some important points were pointed out in the general evaluation of the arguments. In this context, in the first chapter, analytic philosophy and analytic philosophy of religion were introduced and evaluated according to the science of Islamic theology. Afterwards, in the context of the attributes of Allah, the perfect being theism and alternative conceptions of God that are inconsistent with the belief in Tawhid are examined. Lastly the epistemic approaches to God, theism atheism and agnosticism, are examined and non-epistemic approaches are outlined. The second part begins with some important information about natural theology and atheology as an introduction to the arguments. Afterwards, epistemic and non-epistemic arguments for and against the existence of God were systematically introduced, the prominent arguments are cited and their equivalents in Islamic thought were expressed. In the third part, various strategies are mentioned within the scope of religious disagreement. Then, some alternative conceptions of God, which may be preferred as a result of theistic and atheistic arguments, were introduced. Finally, the criteria for the most appropriate arguments about the existence of God, with the examples from Islamic thought, are determined.