Interpretation of the surah ar-Rum in the light of classical exegesis

In this study, the Surah Ar-Rum was examined in the context of its main subjects. In the introduction of our study, which consists of an introduction, two sections and a result; the subject, purpose, method and sources of our research were explained. In the first part, general information was given on issues such as the name of the Surah Ar-Rum, the place where it was sent down and the reason for its sending. In the second part, a classification was made based on the basic issues that the surah contains. Firstly, the first verses referring to the last period of centuries of wars between the two great empires of their era, the Eastern Roman Empire and Iranian State, were focused on. The verses in question, which are telling that the Eastern Roman were defeated against the Iranian, but soon they will achieve victory by reversing this situation, were examined in terms of the proof that the Qur'an was sent by Allah and a clear evidence of Muhammad's Prophethood. Additionally, the opinions of the commentators on the subject were conveyed. By examining the historical course of the war, it was tried to determine the main reasons why Muslims and polytheists chose sides in this war and the effect of belief factor on societies supporting each other was discussed. The concepts of oneness, the hereafter and proving Allah's existence (isbât-ı vâcib) were also included in the last part of our study within the framework of the basic issues covered by the Surah Ar-Rum. These basic issues were examined in the example of Surah Ar-Rum, using the views of the commemorators of the Classical and Modern period, as well as revealing aspects of the present day. The conclusion part of our study includes the basic principles that can be deduced from the surah and the findings obtained. Keywords: The Qur'an, Tafsir, Surah Ar-Rum, Eastern Roman Empire, Iranian State, Evidence, Tawhid, The Hereafter