Investigation of expression levels of some oncogen and tumor suppressive genes i̇ncutaneous malignant melanoma

A dangerous type of skin cancer that develops from epidermal melanocytes, cutaneous malignant melanoma is becoming more common all over the world. Similar to other cancers, CMMs arise as a result of mutations that give additional functions to various protooncogenes or changes that cause tumorsuppressor genes to lose function. In addition to oncogene activation and tumor suppressor gene inactivation, epigenetical terations like hypermethylation of tumor suppressor genes or hypomethylation of oncogenes may also be effective in melanomagenesis. This study looked into the expression levels of oncogenes and tumor suppressors (NOTCH2, ABCB5, HAGE (DDX43), NRAS, CDKN2A, CTNNB1, MYC, BCL-2) known to be involved in the KMM pathway.The study group consisted of a total of 100 individuals, 50 patients diagnosed with cutaneous malignant melanoma and 50 healthy individuals who did not receive this diagnosis. Paraffin block tissue samples of these individuals were obtained from the archive of Mersin University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pathology. Total RNA isolation and Cdna synthesis were carried out by taking 10 micron thick sections from parafin block tissue skin materials taken from patients and healthy individuals, and selected genes were then examined using the qPCR method. The Pearson correlation coefficient was used for the relationship between the expression levels of these genes. p<0.05 was considered a statistically significant difference. The expression levels of CTNNB1, NOTCH2 and MYC gene were found to be statistically significant between patient and control group (p<0.05). The expression levels of the genes ABCB5, HAGE (DDX43), NRAS, CDKN2A, and BCL-2 were found to be same between two groups. In accordance with the rise in CTNNB1 gene expression level, CDKN2A, ABCB5, and NRAS gene expression values also rise when the correlation between gene expression levels is analyzed (r=0.264, p<0.05; r=0.261, p<0.05 ve r=0.253, p<0.05, respectively). Similarly, a linear correlation was found between BCL-2 and HAGE-DDX43 gene (r=0.230, p<0.05) and between ABCB5 and NRAS gene (r=0.212, p<0.05). Only the difference in NOTCH2 gene expression was found to be statistically significant (p<0.05) when differences between gene expressions and metastasis were investigated in the patient group. As a result, it is assumed that the abnormalities in the oncogene and tumor suppressor gene sstated in this study have an impact on the cellcycle and signaling pathways, which aids in the onset and progression of melanoma. In order to beter understand the biological behavior and molecular etiopathogenesis in KMM, the molecular analyses that will be performed will serve as a guide in identifying the reasons for the histology and biological behavior's in compatibility.