Theses supervised by Dr. Öğr. Üyesi Bekir Yıldırım

المرابطون والموحدون في العصر الاندلسي دراسة بلاغية البديع انموذجاً

This thesis is one of the rhetorical studies, and its purpose is to reveal some artistic and creative aspects of Al-Badi' styles in Andalusian poetry in the period between the fifth and seventh centuries AH. It is the era of the Almoravid and Almohad rule of Andalusia, which is considered a controversial period attacked by the Orientalists. They accused it of being backward and fighting science and art because of the many wars and volatile circumstances in the Muslims' relationship with the Spaniards. In order to achieve its objectives, the study based on selecting some evidence from each poet and citing them in the study of the creative rhetorical methods used by Andalusian poets. This falls under the descriptive analytical approach that achieves the purposes of rhetorical research. The most important results of this study were: That the science of Al-Badi attracted the Andalusian poets, so they stood on its types and methods, and they paid great attention to it. This may reflect their influence on the poets of the Levant. As they found in Al-Badi's methods what meets their emotional states, and their verbal abilities to compose poetry. And that the Almoravids and Almohads, despite their focus on jihad for the sake of God, did not neglect the scientific and literary development of their state, contrary to what the orientalists spread. And that Andalusian poetry used the quotation and inclusion of the Holy Qur'an, hadith and Arabic proverbs, And that poetry is rich in moral and verbal improvements, and this explains the intensity of its impact on the recipient, and its ability to have a melody and to sing. Keywords: Arabic language, Badi, Andalusian poetry, Verbal enhancer, Non-verbal enhancer.

جواهرُ الكَلامِ لمحمد بن محمد بن شرف الدّين الزّرعيّ ت779 ه (من أول الباب الثّالث في التّهاني إلى نهاية الباب الخامس في الشفاعات ) دراسةً وتحقيقاً

This research deals with the verification of the sections from the beginning of the third chapter to the end of the fifth chapter in the work of Kadı Şerafüddin Muhammed bin Muhammed bin Müşerref bin Mansur ez-Zerî (h.799/m.1377), which is a scientific and valuable work. . The manuscript contains parts such as congratulations, condolences and intercessions named by the author. As a method, the author has adopted the principle of collecting poetry and prose in the same way, which includes moral human values and increases social relations. The author chose some of the information he used from his century, and others from literary sources in previous periods, among the sources of rhetoric and language. The importance of the manuscript is that it contains the official addresses and documents between the author and the sultan while he was a kadi. The method applied in the research is to reveal the texts as abandoned by the author, to dictate them and to verify the work. Again, it is to reveal the sources of the verse, hadith, poetry and prose writings in the text and to bring explanations in the closed places. The following conclusions were reached in the research: The book is one of the common cultural examples of its century, which shows the arts such as the science of bedi, such as seci, pun, and tibak. Again, the book contains conversations and correspondence about social customs, congratulations, condolences, and the like. Keywords: Arabic literature, investigation, Sherafüddin Al-Zarai, manuscript.

الصُّورة الشِّعريَّة في شعر جاسم محمد جاسم

The purpose of this thesis is to study the poetic image in the work of the contemporary Iraqi poet Jasim Muhammad Jasim, an academic born in 1971 AD. The importance of the study is evident in the poet's creativity in shaping the poetic image. Everyone who reads the poetry of Jasim Muhammad Jasim feels that coherent relational structure between the poetic image and the creative self when the image became the poet's essential means in the poetic experience. The study followed the descriptive approach when translating the author, presenting his biographical and scientific biography, and the analytical approach when extrapolating his poetry and analyzing it into its literary elements, to find out the images, metaphors, metaphors and symbols contained in his poetry. The conclusions of this study were that: The poet Jasim Muhammad Jasim relied in the formation of the metaphorical image on anthropomorphism and personification, so he brought out by anthropomorphism the abstract psychological potentials in scenic (cinematic) formats, thus forming influential metaphors, as he employed the diagnosis in human images of tangible things, thus forming exciting metaphors, similes and metaphors, and the metaphor dominated The metaphor for the declarative metaphor in his poetry; This confirms the poet's tendency towards suggestion, whether he was free from previous templates and models or shaped them in a new realistic way, and that the studied poet has presented in the field of artistic photography what is equal to the great poets because of the pictorial dimensions that these images carried based on the scenic dimensions; It is similar to what Imru' al-Qais, Bashar ibn Burd, Ibn al-Mu'tazz, Ibn Khafaja and others. His poetry in this field conforms to the rules of modern criticism, as we find in Jasim Muhammad Jasim the ingenuity and ability to transfer his psychological suffering to expressive images, the most faithful expression, and his imagination in the field of analogy of its various types reveals his vision of true beauty that has no falsity in it, while his metaphors came as a depiction Adept at the sincerity of his passion in a fertile imagination, and a rhythm capable of portraying the self-impression compatible with feelings and conscience. Likewise, the metaphor in his poetry comes in synergy with other elements in the statement of simile and metaphor; Since he is in harmony with a network of relationships that give his poetry a special flavor and influence on the conscience of the reader.

بناء الشخصية في روايات يوسف الصائغ رواية اللعبة والمسافة أنموذجاً (دراسة سردية)

This study deals with two novels by Iraqi writer Yusuf al-Sa'iq, "Conspiracy" and "Distance". The Iraqi Christian writer was imprisoned and persecuted by the Baathist administration of his time on the accusation of being a member of the communist party. He then left the Communist party and joined the Baath party. In the meantime, he converted to Islam, married a Muslim woman and divorced her. He apostatized from Islam and converted back to Christianity. The author's novel "Distance" is a criticism of political power. However, the author used symbolic expressions in his narrative. The author hides behind symbolic expressions because he is afraid of the authority he criticizes. The main idea of the novel is heroism and treachery. In his novel, the author reveals with a successful fiction that Iraq has turned into an open-air prison. With this narrative of the author, we see that freedom of opinion is nothing in the face of oppression. The author's second novel, "Conspiracy", is about suspicion of treason and crisis of trust. The whole story is based on a telephone conspiracy. The wife of the doctor protagonist of the story receives an anonymous phone call every evening and her husband's phone calls with this person continue On the other hand, the doctor's jealousy towards his wife flares up due to the doctor's fictitious phone calls to his friends. Events unfold, feelings and desires clash. The wife uncovers her husband's conspiracy, but the wife does not reveal her conspiracy in order to end the novel with the unknown person Rafi.The author has succeeded in revealing the hidden and psychological conflicts of the characters in her two novels. He also emphasized the dictatorship during Saddam's reign with these two symbolic novels and alluded to the transformation of Iraq into an open-air prison.

البناء السردي في روايتي (9مارس، (وثالثهما الفنجان)) لمحمود شامي

The purpose of this thesis is to study the novels of Mahmoud Shami, the Djiboutian writer, in a narrative study, by analyzing his novels into their narrative elements: characters, events, time, place, the scope of this study is determined by studying two novels: March 9, And The Third Cup. The importance of this study comes from the importance of the narrator, as he is one of the writers of the modern era in Djibouti, whose novels were characterized by the ability to simulate reality and criticize what is in it. The researcher followed the analytical descriptive approach when analyzing the events of the two novels, studying the roles of the characters in them, and the way he presented it in order to reach an understanding of the narrator's style in building the novel according to the narrative theory. The cocnlusions of this study were as follows: The novelist Mahmoud Al-Shami monitored in his two novels many issues affecting society, especially intellectual freedom, the influence of prevailing traditions, the problems of immigration, racism. He also excelled in portraying his characters, describing them accurately, distributing their roles in an intelligent way, and taking care of his heroes and portraying their personalities in their social, psychological and physical aspects. In his novels, he presents two types of narration: the subjective and the objective. Mahmoud Shami also cared about the element of place, because it took various meanings and connotations that change from one novel to another, He cared about the historical, social and realistic documentary aspect of his novels, with an objective, creative and impartial narration that excites the reader's imagination, relying on all of this on his cultural and knowledge stock that emerged in his care for folklore. It was remarkable that the characters of the novelist Mahmoud al-Shami moved within a "Spacetime" framework that played a role in linking the elements of narration within the structure of the novel.

أثر النزوح في الشعر الموصلي بعد 2014

You interact with it, interact with it, and interact with it in the year 2014, it represented a phenomenon that humanity went through in its time. The researcher began studying the research titled (The Effect of Displacement on Mosuli Poetry after 2014), so he divided the research into an introduction to three chapters, the first of which studied traditionalism, and the third of which studied the contents of displacement and the extensions of scientific research. The research reached a set of results, including displacement, the style of calling and prohibiting, interrogative and interrogative, a poetic school of displacement. Keywords: İmmigration, complaint, Mosul poetry, departure,nostalgia.

الوصف في شعر ابن درّاج القسطليّدراسة في الأسلوب

This study has been inspired by the concept of virtue in Ibn Darraj Al-Qastal's Poetry and it is aiming to provide a full picture of researcher, poet Ibn Darraj and also aiming to reveal his artistic depiction. The fact that the concept of qualification distinguishes the mentioned poet from others reveals the importance of the current research. The poet has drawn very important pictures by using his imagination in a wonderful way. The current research thesis begins with a preface. In the foreword, the research topic and the poet's life were mentioned, and the poet's most important social and literary details were focused. In the first chapter that follows, he discussed its characteristics and types, its characteristics, its development in the Jahili and Umayyad and Abbasid and Andalusian periods. Then, in the second part, he focused on the aims of the poet, where he divided the artistic quality into four studies: the quality of praise, the quality of lament, the quality of gazal and the quality of nature. In the third part, there is the title of art mechanism in the poet's divan. He dealt with demands such as simile, metaphor, allusion. In summary, it was concluded that the poet worked wonders in his qualities. The characteristics of the Andalusian kings were embodied. Like King Al-Mansor Ibn Abi Amer and his son, he lamented for them and expressed his love for his beloved, embodying land and sea battles. Ibn Darraj used various rhetoric arts in his works, especially the art of simile, which is common in his divan. These were manifested in all types. These types have examples such as full simile, Mursel, mufasal, beleeg, representation, maklup. The art of metaphor also played a very important role in formulating the poet's images. The art of allusion has also emerged in artistic depiction. The poet used these arts to strengthen their meaning, characterizing the characteristics of the beloved and kings, praising them or lamenting them. These arts created musical energies that help the recipient assimilate meaning.

آراء الكسائي النَّحوية والصَّرفيَّة في تفسير القُرطبيّجمعاً ودراسةً

The purpose of this thesis is to collect and study the grammatical and morphological views of Imam al-Kisa'i in Tafsir al-Qurtubi "Jami' al-Bayan". Which is considered the mainstay of the kufic school and its foundation, especially those with which he contradicted the linguists of his era. The importance of this study comes from the status of Imam Al-Kasai, as he is one of the most famous linguists, also, this analytical study shows the syntactic effect on the semantics of words and the change of Quranic meanings according to Al-Kasai and other grammarians. To achieve the objectives of the study, the steps of the analytical descriptive approach were followed when extrapolating the interpretation of AlQurtubi, describing and explaining the views of Imam Al-Kasai in it, and analyzing them to show their impact on the interpretation. Among the most important findings of this study are the following: The semantics of the grammatical meanings in AlKasa'i's opinions varied: Some of them are related to the word, and some of them are related to the meaning. Al-Qurtubi intended to narrate the opinions of Al-Kasai in all linguistic contexts, especially the grammatical ones, and more than citing his words in the methods of readings, Al-Kasa'i's opinions were balanced and moderate, following the evidence wherever it was found, and he did not become fanatical about any doctrine or the saying of a person. His views greatly influenced the grammatical meaning of sentences, al-Nawasekh and their complements, and Al-Kisa'i took a precise grammatical path in deletion, which indicated his grammatical and linguistic prowess. The indications of advancing, delaying, deleting, and adding are all based on grammatical methods that depend on analogy. Al-Kisa'i did not deviate from all of this from what is generally accepted as permissible among grammarians, and he did not disagree with the public except in some few issues, citing evidence. As for the meanings of defining and denying, they are diverse, which indicates his tendency to analogy, especially measuring a thing against its counterpart, and measuring it against its opposite. And he was very precise with regard to the actual sentence, especially talking about the transitive and intransitive verb, and he supported his statements with evidence from the reliable Arabs. However, he disagreed with the majority of scholars in the issue of the subject of the verb. Al-Kisa'i followed several schools in his views on subordinates then his views became a follow-up school, so he defined the subordination in the pronunciation and the place, then the subordination in the place without the pronunciation. Keywords: Arabic language, Al-Kisa'i, Al-Qurtubi, Jami' al-Bayan, Opinions

رسالة في حَلِّ البسملة والصلاة والحمدلة، للإمام محمد بن مصطفى حميد الكفوي، المعروف بآقكرماني (ت: 1074هــ) دراسةً وتحقيقاً

The purpose of this study is to study and investigate a valuable scientific work, which is "Risalah Fi Al-Basmalah Wa As-Salat Wa Al-Hamdalah" by Imam Muhammad bin Mustafa Hamid Al-Kafawi, known as Akkarmani (d: 1074 AH), The importance of this study comes from the importance of its topic, as scholars raced to the Basmalah, Tasliyah, and Hamdala, to interpret it and explain its meanings, so Muhammad bin Mustafa al-Kafawi composed his message in it, and explained some of its secrets, and distinguished the difference between its expressions, and he traveled the books of dictionaries, languages, and schools of linguists and grammarians, following the sayings of scholars to extract the benefits , Likewise, the author has more than fifty works in various sciences, which indicates the breadth of his knowledge and education. This study relied on four copies of the manuscript: the first copy is the copy of the Lebzek Library (preserved No. 099/04), the second: the Muhammad Assem Library (preserved No. 569), the third is the copy of the Al-Fateh Library (preserved No. 5353), and the fourth is the library copy Yusuf Agha (Preserved No. 9873). The study followed the descriptive-historical approach when translating the author, presenting what was available from his biography and scholarly, and the method of investigation and commentary in the investigated section, by copying the text and contrasting its copies, and proving the differences in the footnote without commenting on these differences, and extracting the Quranic verses, the hadiths of the Prophet, and attributing texts and sayings to their sources. The most important conclusions of the study were as follows: The books of biographies did not elaborate on the biography of the author, perhaps due to the lack of his students, as he worked as a judge for most of his life, and the author is

تحقيق حاشية على حاشية الخطائي على المختصر في شرح تلخيص المفتاح لعبدالله بن شهاب اليزدي

This thesis aims to investigate the Haashiyat al-Yazdi (d. 1015 AH), on "Hashiyat al-Khata'i (d.: 901 AH) in which he explains the "Sharh Talkhees al- Miftah" by the scholar Saad al-Din al-Taftazani (d. 792 AH). Al-Taftazani's book is an explanation of the book " The Key of The Meanings - The Statement and the Badi '" by Imam Jalal al-Din al-Qazwini (d.: 739 AH), whose book is considered one of the most important rhetorical works of all. He established the rules of rhetoric sciences, and benefited from the efforts of those who preceded him, such as Sakaki and others. Hence the importance of this study and its scientific value. And Haashiyat al-Yazdi is one of the most valuable footnotes to this book, because it contains useful comments and important discussions. It is well known that the footnote of Al-Khatai is widely dealt with by students. The study followed the historical descriptive approach when presenting the biographical and scholarly biographies of two imams: the Yazidi and Al-Khati, and the scientific method used in the investigation and commentary on the book: such as writing the text, justify the text with diacritics, comparing the copies, attributing the sayings, and extracting the issues and documenting them. The most important conclusion of the study was: Al- Yazdi's hashiya explained many of the problematic expressions in Al-Khatai's summarized hashiya, and clarified its ambiguous phrases. This appears in Yazdi's comments, discusions and preferrings. In addition, the author paid attention to discuss objections, his skill in detailing the meanings of words, and his citation of the Qur'an, the sayings of commentators, and poetry at times; it indicates the richness of his book, his vast knowledge. Keywords: Arabic language, Al-Yazdi's hashiya, Al-Khata'i, Talkhees al- Miftah, Investigation.

البناء السردي في روايات أسامة محمد صادق

An example about weeping for a wife by the poets deek al Jin al Homsi and Nizar Qabbani between ancient Ghazal and modern romanticism

The study consists of the analysis of poetry which is one of the most beautiful arts, closest to the heart. For ghazal has to do with love, emotion and beauty and it has always been usual since the existence of mankind. Romanticism appeared in Arabic poetry in ancient times. As Arab poets sang ghazals to the beloved until they reached the main purpose intended in the qasida. However, romanticism, with its characteristics and privileges, has developed in our modern times and has become a theoretical school. The study discusses the development of ghazal focusing on the Abbasid period and the modern times and the factors that triggered this development. The researcher chose two poets: Deek Al Jin Al Homsi from the Abbasid period and NizarQabbani from the modern times. The researcher compared these two poets who had great influence in the fields of love and ghazal. Especially the love for their spouses and the circumstances that surrounded them and affected their personalities and ghazals after the murder of their spouses, bring these two poets together at a common point in a unique and interesting way. Thus, the romantic relationships in the poems of these two poets, which are about their love and tears for their spouses, were studied. The research also highlighted some of the reasons why the researcher believes that Deek Al Jin Al Homsi was one of the most popular poets of his time and holds a place in the lost poetic heritage. The research concluded that ghazal has developed in terms of both form and content. Because ghazal was not an independent art branch in the pre-Islamic era. There are ghazal types such as chaste and frank. After the advent of Islam, the ghazal became cleaner and more ethical, and the chaste ghazal became more dominant than the frank ghazal. As a result of the economic and political development during the Umayyad period, a cultural and material ghazal emerged especially in Hijaz. However, this ghazal type adhered to some social rules. In the Abbasid period, as a result of major developments in social structure, spreading to different areas and mixing with other societies and cultures, new types of ghazalappeared that had previously been uncommon. Ghazals about men-concubines and containing condemned sexual perversion can be given as an example. Another conclusion reached by the study is that romanticism, with all its characteristic features, is a passionate and sincere feeling, an original discovery in symbolism, seeking refuge in nature, a great imagination, a renewal of the qasida in terms of form and content that's independent of the old qasida order. All this gave ghazal the highest signs of beauty and perfection and allowed it to enter the heart without permission.

النقد الثقافي في شعر الشاعر نزار قباني

The thesis has included among its contents many of the implications of cultural criticism and its forms, and we must point out that the importance of this study lies in revealing the representations and forms of cultural criticism in the poetry of our Arab poet Nizar Qabbani, whether on the political, social, cultural or the various ideologies in this The era and its effects on society first, and what the poet showed through his poems secondly. In the introduction, this thesis carried the definition of cultural criticism, its origins, and a brief overview of the life of the poet Nizar Qabbani. In the first chapter, the foundations of cultural criticism in Nizar Qabbani's poetry. In the second chapter, the methodological steps of the cultural approach to cultural criticism were covered in the texts of the poetry of the poet Nizar Qabbani.

اللغة الشعرية عند جميل صدقي الزهاوي (دراسة وصفية تحليلية)

The language of poetry is characterized by being an intense language that does not exceed the limits of expressive necessity. Do not write the poet's sayings except after scrutiny and testing of their gender, timbre, musical value, indicative features, emotional repercussions, and policy of words accompanying or adjacent to them, or even their position in the poetic verse or poem. To express his emotional response, the poet chooses an effective language and uses selective words to realize the importance of both meaning and structure in the poem's structure. Where language has the ability to draw a visible tangible picture of what is hidden in the poet's mind and conscience. He is aware of the fact that,poetry was found in response to a basic human desire to express not only the meanings of the words, but also the additional implications and connotations that those words evoke, and the feelings and thoughts they evoke in the soul. The study sheds light on an analysis and description of the concept of poetic language and the important characteristics of poetic language in particular, and the language of literature in general, as the main tools used by the poet in expressing ideas and meanings and in drawing an influential artistic picture. With a statement of poetic purposes. It is based on samples of Al-Zahawi's poetic texts, to see how they embody the concept of poetry and its creative characteristics. The study follows both methods, description and analysis. As the researcher describes and analyzes some poems of the poet to know each of these technical characteristics of the poet, including the style of quotation, embedding, poetic images, and external and internal music as much as possible.

Fen, teknoloji, mühendislik ve matematik (STEM) uygulamalarının farklı bağımlı değişkenler üzerinden incelenmesi

Bu araştırmanın amacı, Fen, Teknoloji, Mühendislik ve Matematik (STEM) uygulamalarının, öğretmen adaylarının pedagojik alan bilgileri ve fen öğretimine yönelik öz yeterlilik inançları üzerine etkilerini incelemektir. Pilot ve uygulama olmak üzere iki basamakta gerçekleştirilen bu araştırmanın çalışma grubunu 20 fen bilimleri öğretmen adayı oluşturmaktadır. Bu çalışma 2016-2017 eğitim-öğretim yılı bahar döneminde 10 haftada (haftada 4 saat) tamamlanmıştır. Araştırma nitel ve nicel araştırma yöntemlerinin beraber kullanıldığı karma araştırma yöntemlerinden yakınsayan paralel desene göre tasarlanmıştır. Çalışma kapsamında nicel araştırma yöntemlerinden ön-test son-test tek gruplu yarı deneysel desen kullanılmıştır. Nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden ise, durum çalışması yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Araştırmada nicel veri toplama aracı olarak "Fen Öğretiminde Öz-Yeterlik İnancı Ölçeği", nitel veri toplama aracı olarak ise, araştırmacı tarafından geliştirilen "Öğretmen Adayı Görüşme Formu (ÖAGF)" kullanılmıştır. Elde edilen nicel veriler SPSS paket programı ile analiz edilmiştir. Nitel verilerin analizinde ise, içerik analizinin basamaklarına uygun olarak analiz edilmiştir. Araştırmanın sonucunda STEM eğitimi uygulamalarının fen öğretimine yönelik öz yeterlilik inançları üzerine olumlu etki yaptığı tespit edilmiştir. Bunun yanında, STEM uygulamalarının öğretmen adaylarının pedagoji bilgi ve alan bilgisi üzerine olumlu etki yaptığı anlaşılmıştır. Elde edilen bu sonuçlar doğrultusunda, öğretmen eğitimlerinde STEM eğitimine yeterince yer verilebilir. STEM eğitiminin pedagoji bilgisi ve alan bilgisi üzerine etkilerinin incelendiği başka çalışmalar da yapılabilir.