Analysis of the threats to the national and international security of Turkey after 2000

The relationship between the state and security is very old. Security has an indispensable quality especially for the society and the state. Due to the ways in which such an important need is met, the organs that provide it and the methods followed, all security-related elements are in direct relation with the state structure. For this reason, the place of security has a special importance in the emergence of the state. However, the relationship between the state and security has not always been the same. In this framework, the change and transformation in international security theories are discussed from two different dimensions. The first of these is the "classical security theories" that prioritize the state.The other is the "modern security theories" in which the concept of security is analyzed by reducing the concept from the state to the individual with the modernizing world. Following the disclosure of this size, with Turkey's threat perceptions of historical and cultural factors are described according to geopolitical and geostrategic factors. The phenomenon of terrorism has always been effective in the international arena. However, especially with the increase in technology and ideological factors, it is one of the most important problems in the 21st century. The concept of terrorism, which continued its activities at the regional level in the past, has transformed into an international character over time, especially with globalization, and hit the states in an unexpected moment. In this context, Turkey's biggest security problem that threatens national security in particular has been the phenomenon of terrorism. There are five different terrorist organization which is effective from 2000 to the present day Turkey. These are the PKK, TAK, DHKP-C, AL-KAIDE and DAESH. In the study carried out, these terrorist organizations have been limited within the framework of suicide attacks instead of all the attacks they have done since 2000. However, only cases that threaten Turkey's national security is not limited to terrorism. Drugs and smuggling, illegal immigration and the refugee problem, cyber attacks and weapons of mass destruction also pose some threats to national security. In addition, the concept of fundamentalism as a threat to security was explained through FETÖ. Due to the power vacuum that emerged in the world after the Cold War, a new international environment was created with some instabilities and uncertainties, new threats and problems were experienced. Turkey took place in the midst of this troubled region due to the geopolitical situation. In 2002, Turkey in the Balkans as a result of the coming to power of the AK Party, the Caucasus and the Middle East have expanded their areas of interest and influence. However, these expansions have brought security risks and threat perceptions. advocating policies need watching a particularly liberal and soft power in foreign policy, domestic and foreign interventions have resulted in the elimination of threats to Turkey, it made it even more complicated and diversified. Especially after the Arab Spring, Turkey's changing and increasingly as a result of Turkey's foreign policy turned into a realist perspective has been left alone in the international arena. In order to compensate for this situation and to take place in the international system as a regional power, it sometimes resorted to a balance policy. Especially after COVID-19, it has started to improve relations that are already bad with humanitarian or public diplomacy by using soft power again.