Evaluation of the postoperative pain effects of different file systems used in primary teeth

Root canal treatment is a treatment method in which the pulp is irreversibly infected due to caries or trauma or when the pulp loses its vitality. Biomechanical preparation of primary teeth is an important step for a successful root canal treatment. The success of root canal treatment depends not only on the biological results of the treatment, but also on minimizing the postoperative pain of the patients. Therefore, the elimination of factors associated with postoperative pain has an important role in the prognosis of patients after treatment. In all root canal preparation methods, some debris overflows from the apical. Debris protruding into the apical area causes postoperative pain. Many studies in the literature have shown that NiTi rotary files cause less extrusion of debris compared to hand files, and therefore less postoperative pain. Within the scope of this study, different pain measurement scales of the effect of NiTi K hand file and WaveOne Gold, ProTaper Next, EndoArt NiTi Pedo Gold file, AF Baby rotary file systems on postoperative pain in root canal treatment preparations applied to the mandibular primary molar teeth of pediatric patients aged 5-8 years. used to be evaluated. In our research, ProTaper Next (PTN), WaveOne Gold (WOG), AF Baby rotary file, EndoArt NiTi Pedo Gold file, NiTi K type hand files were used. 100 patients between the ages of 5 and 8 who had root canal treatment indications for mandibular primary second molars were included in the study. The patients were divided into 5 groups with 20 patients in each group. All systems were used according to the manufacturer's instructions and all treatments were performed by a single operator in a single session. Postoperative pain was recorded at the 6th, 12th, 18th, 24th, 48th, 72nd hours and 1st week following treatment using the Visual Analog Scale (VAS), Wong Baker Pain Rating scale. The obtained data were evaluated statistically. According to the results of our study, no statistically significant relationship was found between gender and age and postoperative pain (p>0.05). When the pain scores were evaluated according to time without comparing the groups, the initial pain scores were higher than the other times, and the pain decreased over time. When the effects of the root canal instruments used on postoperative pain were evaluated regardless of time, a statistically significant relationship was found between them (p<0.05); Postoperative pain scores in the WaveOne Gold group were lower than in all other groups. In conclusion, the file used influences postoperative pain. When the time-independent postoperative pain values of rotary files produced for primary teeth and rotary files produced for permanent teeth are compared; there is no statistically significant difference between them. Both rotary file systems can be preferred for root canal preparation of primary teeth. Reciprocal files show successful results in root canal treatment procedures of primary teeth, like files with rotational movement. PTN and WOG rotary file systems provide more successful results than hand files in terms of both working time and effects on postoperative pain. Keywords: Root canal treatment, Nickel-Titanium instruments, Postoperative pain, Primary tooth