Theses supervised by Dr. Öğr. Üyesi Tuba Hacer Korkmaz
13 theses · Fatih Sultan Mehmet Foundation University
القضايا الفقهية المعاصرة المتعلقة بالأحوال الشخصية في لصومال
This research addresses a contemporary issue related to personal status matters in Somalia from a jurisprudential perspective, with a focus on analyzing the prevailing legal systems in the country in comparison to Islamic Sharia. The study also highlights the social and historical context in Somalia, reviewing the impact of colonial wars and their aftermath on marital life and family relations. The research covers several key themes, including: A comparison between the rulings on marriage and divorce in Somali law and the law of the Puntland State, and the extent to which these rulings align with Islamic Sharia. A study of marriage and its preliminaries in Somalia, with particular attention to the spread of invalid marriages and preventive measures based on the views of Somali scholars. The consequences of tribalism on marital life and the rising divorce rates, analyzing this phenomenon through fatwas and scholarly opinions. The research aims to present a vision emphasizing the importance of returning to Islamic Sharia in addressing contemporary personal status issues, asserting that effective solutions lie in its application within society. This thesis seeks to highlight the impact of the republican system on legislation derived from colonial rule and emphasizes that returning to Islamic Sharia in the formulation of laws and rulings is the most suitable option. Islam is a comprehensive religion, valid for all times and places, and capable of addressing all contemporary issues. The study focuses on exploring the role of Somali customary law known as "Xeer" in Somali society, in terms of its scope of application and the level of influence it holds among community members. The study also examines the extent to which the rulings of "Xeer" conform with Islamic Sharia, particularly in matters related to personal status, while analyzing the aspects in which some of its applications may conflict with Sharia principles.
Tanzimattan sonra Türk aile hukukuna dair temel meselelerin fıkhî açıdan değerlendirilmesi
19.yüzyılın ilk yarısında Osmanlı Devleti'nde başlayan Tanzimat Dönemi, toplumsal hayatın pek çok alanında olduğu gibi aile hukuku alanında da önemli değişim ve tartışmaları beraberinde getirmiştir. 1839-1876 yılları arasındaki bu dönem, Batılılaşma hareketleri ve yenileşme çabalarıyla şekillenmiştir. Tanzimat'la birlikte kadınların toplumdaki konumu ve aile içindeki rolleri gündeme gelmiş, çok eşlilik (teaddüd-i zevcat), boşanmada kadına tanınan tefvîz-i talâk hakkı ve küçük yaşta evlendirme gibi konular tartışılmaya başlanmıştır. Dönemin aydınları ve uleması arasında bu konularda farklı görüşler dile getirilmiştir. Bir yandan çok eşliliğin yasaklanması, kadına boşanma hakkı tanınması gibi değişimler savunulurken, diğer yandan geleneksel İslami uygulamaların sürdürülmesi gerektiği ileri sürülmüştür. Örneğin Namık Kemal gibi aydınlar çok eşliliğe karşı çıkarken, Babânzade Ahmed Naim ve Aksekili Ahmed Hamdi gibi isimler bunu savunmuşlardır. Benzer şekilde boşanma hakkı konusunda da fikir ayrılıkları yaşanmıştır. Bu görüş ayrılıkları ve tartışmalar, 1917'de ilan edilen Hukuk-ı Aile Kararnamesi ve ardından gelen Medeni Kanun'un hazırlanmasında etkili olmuştur. Tanzimat'ın getirdiği yenileşme rüzgarları, kadın hakları ve aile hukuku alanında da önemli değişimlere ve fikri mücadelelere yol açmıştır.
ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔﺍﻹﻓﺘﺎءﻭﺃﺻﻮلهﺎﺑينﺍﻟﻨﻈﺮﻳﺔﻭﺍﻟﺘﻄﺒﻴﻖ-ﺍلمﺠﻠﺲﺍﻷﻭﺭﻭبيﻟﻺﻓﺘﺎءﻭﺍﻟﺒﺤﻮﺙنمﻮﺫﺟﺎ-
This master's thesis explores the concept of ifta in Islamic law, its perception among Muslims in Europe, and its practical application through the European Council for Fatwa and Research. The first part of the thesis provides a comprehensive overview of ifta, defining the term linguistically and within the framework of Islamic jurisprudence. It distinguishes ifta from other areas of Islamic sciences, elucidating its foundational principles, application processes, and the conditions required for its issuance. The second part captures opinions on the significance, role, and relevance of ifta for muslims in Europe through a non-representative survey, with a particular focus on Germany. The survey investigates the extent of engagement with ifta among European muslims, assessing whether having a connection to Islamic law is important to them and if there is a perceived need for Ifta. The findings indicate that ifta and Fatwa hold significant importance for muslims in Europe. The final part of the thesis examines the European Council for Fatwa and Research, which is recognized as the leading and effective authority on ifta' in Europe. The Council's activities encompass all European countries without being restricted to any specific nation. It details the institution's unique methodology, particularly the principle of Fiqh al-Aqalliyat (jurisprudence of minorities), and critically examines two well-known fatwas issued by the council. This analysis highlights the importance of the fiqh of minority approach for fatwas in Europe and reveals that fatwa institutions in Europe are not well known, emphasizing the need for increased awareness and education. By bridging theoretical knowledge and practical application, this thesis provides insights into the role and perception of ifta among European muslims while highlighting the operational nuances of a significant ifta institution in Europe. The study shows that ifta and fatwa are important for muslims in Europe and underscores the necessity for better understanding and dissemination of information about fatwa institutions in Europe.
التفاعل الفقهي بين المذهب الزيدي والمذهب الحنفي في العصور الثلاثة الأولى
This study aims to address the issue of jurisprudential interaction between the Zaidi and Hanafi schools through a comparative study. The problem of the study lies in understanding the extent of agreement and differences between the two schools and their impact on Islamic jurisprudence in general. The study aims to clarify the common jurisprudential principles between the two schools and analyze the practical models in which their agreement is evident in various jurisprudential branches. The researcher employed a comparative methodology, comparing the principles and branches of jurisprudence between the two schools. Additionally, the descriptive and analytical deductive methodologies were used. The researcher utilized both quantitative and qualitative methods to analyze jurisprudential texts from primary and secondary sources of each school. Modern techniques in data collection and analysis were also used to ensure the accuracy and objectivity of the results. The study consists of three main chapters: The first chapter provides a historical overview of the emergence and development of the two schools in the first three centuries. The second chapter reviews the common and agreed-upon jurisprudential principles between the two schools. The third chapter focuses on practical examples of the jurisprudential branches where there is agreement between the Zaidi and Hanafi schools in the areas of transactions, governance rules, jihad, sales, and imamate. The study reached several conclusions, the most notable being the significant agreement in jurisprudential principles between the two schools and in issues of jurisprudential branches. Among the recommendations of the study are to promote jurisprudential dialogue between various Islamic schools and to intensify comparative studies to bring viewpoints closer together.
The objectives of Islamic criminal law: The case study of apostasy punishment
This study examines the Sharia objectives of punishment in Islamic law, focusing on the killing of the apostate as an example. The study aims to highlight the Sharia objectives of Islamic punishments, shed light on the philosophy of punishment in Islam, and clarify the importance and status of the Hudud (Islamic prescribed punishments) in achieving the interests of people in this world and the hereafter. The study's problem revolves around presenting a concept of Sharia objectives and explaining their types with various considerations, clarifying the Sharia objectives of the Hudud and the apostasy penalty in particular, and responding to doubts related to this punishment in Islamic law. The problem includes questions about: the philosophy of punishment in Islam and Islam's view of the criminal and the crime, clarifying some of the doubts raised about the punishment of the apostate specifically, and the Hudud in general, with an explanation of the sayings of the jurists on the punishment of apostasy, the killing of the apostate, and some of the secondary issues related to it, such as the ruling on the repentance of the apostate and the ruling on the killing of the apostate woman. The study relied on the inductive and analytical method, as information was collected from jurisprudential and fundamentalist sources, then analyzed and derived Sharia objectives from them. The study used the method of analyzing legal and jurisprudential texts related to crimes and Hudud, then comparing and analyzing the opinions of the jurists to achieve the research objectives. The doubts were responded to through the Sharia and rational evidence that was mentioned in the writings of jurists, scholars, and their books. The study concluded that the Sharia objectives of the apostasy penalty include protecting religion and society, preventing sedition, and achieving stability. The study also affirmed that the application of the Hudud in Islam is in line with the Sharia objectives of achieving justice, the public interest, and social security, and then explaining the wisdom and purpose of the punishment of killing the apostate and the benefits of applying it.
فقه العلاقات الدولية في الإسلام ورعايته للضروريات الخمس
This study deals with the Jurisprudence (Fiqh) of International Relations in Islam and how it protects the five necessities of Maqāsid al-Sharī'ah (Religion, Life, Lineage, Intellect, Wealth) and it is noteworthy that this topic has been one of the most significant topics of Islamic Jurisprudence in the past as well as it is, in modern times. The study also focuses on how Islam fulfills the needs of contemporary international relations and preserves the five necessities of Maqāsid al-Sharī'ah that are essential for the existence of society. Moreover, the study explores the subject of interaction between Muslims and non-Muslims on the international level. The study elucidates the importance of the five necessities of Maqāsid al-Sharī'ah, how to be careful about them, different means of preserving them, and presents the legal evidence related to them. In this context, the study explains the important basic principles of international relations in Islam, such as acquaintance, cooperation, justice, tolerance, fulfillment of covenants, and reciprocity, and their relationship to the five necessities of Maqāsid al-Sharī'ah. The study aims to research about the jurisprudence of international relations in Islam and its focus on the five necessities of Maqāsid al-Sharī'ah (Religion, Life, Lineage, Intellect, Wealth) so that an accurate and balanced understanding of the Islamic perspective on international relations can be attained, and the study also reinforces that Islamic law is suitable for implementation in any society in any age. An integrated research methodology represented by the deductive and historical approach and various methods and techniques have been utilized during the research. Research techniques like text analysis, comparison between jurisprudential rulings and Islamic principles in international relations, and inference from historical examples have been used in the study. The study concludes that the jurisprudence of international relations in Islam preserves the five necessities in a way that is rarely found in other laws and theories and considers them among the most important objectives of Islamic law. At the same time, it provides a comprehensive framework for achieving peace, justice, and cooperation between countries while preserving human rights. The study also shows that Islam gives great importance to protecting religious minorities and human rights and providing a safe and stable environment for all. Keywords: Islam, Islamic Law, Islamic Jurisprudence, Jurisprudence of International Relations, The Five Necessities.
الواقدي بين نقد المحدثين واعتماد المؤرخين
This study examines the scholarly figure of Imam Muḥammad ibn ʿUmar al-Wāqidī (130–207 AH), one of the most prominent historians, transmitters of ḥadīth, and judges of the second Islamic century. He is regarded as a foundational source in the fields of maghāzī (the Prophet's military expeditions) and sīrah (Prophetic biography). Nevertheless, al-Wāqidī faced severe criticism from leading ḥadīth scholars such as Yaḥyā ibn Maʿīn (d. 233 AH), ʿAlī ibn al-Madīnī (d. 234 AH), and Isḥāq ibn Rāhwayh (d. 238 AH), who questioned his reliability and impugned his narrations. Despite this, his historical accounts remain indispensable in the study of ḥadīth and early Islamic history. This research analyzes the reasons behind the discrediting of al-Wāqidī by classical critics, while simultaneously exploring why historians continued to rely on his narratives, particularly in reconstructing events related to maghāzī, sīrah, and early Islamic historiography. It also investigates the divergent scholarly stances toward al-Wāqidī, comparing the arguments of his defenders – who upheld his credibility – with those of his detractors, and examines the methodological and contextual factors that shaped these evaluations. The study employs an inductive-critical methodology, systematically collecting and analyzing the critiques leveled against al-Wāqidī, scrutinizing the evidences cited by his critics, and ultimately presenting a balanced perspective grounded in scholarly evidence. This thesis contributes to a nuanced re-evaluation of al-Wāqidī's legacy through an equitable analytical framework that reconciles the tension between criticism and the empirical reliance on his works. It also advances the understanding of al-jarḥ wa al-taʿdīl (criteria for impugning or validating narrators), particularly when applied to historians who played a pivotal role in documenting Islamic history. Furthermore, it offers a critical model for assessing historical and ḥadīth narratives, enriching scholarly discourse in both fields.
تاريخ المذهب الشافعي وأثره في إندونيسيا
This study examines the history of the Shafi'i school of thought in Indonesia, focusing on the stages of its introduction and spread, the factors that contributed to its establishment, and its influence in various fields. The research aims to document the entry of the Shafi'i school into Indonesia since the first Hijri century/seventh century CE and to study the six historical phases it underwent. It also seeks to analyze the roles of scholars and kingdoms in disseminating this school of thought and to identify the Shafi'i books adopted in Islamic institutions in Indonesia. The researcher employs a historical methodology to analyze texts and primary sources related to the history of Islam and the Shafi'i school in Indonesia, alongside an analytical approach to study the influence of scholars and institutions in spreading and developing the school. The findings indicate that the introduction of the Shafi'i school coincided with the arrival of Islam in Indonesia, which began from Yemen. The historical phases of the school include its foundation, decline, spread, colonization, stabilization, and the modern era. Since the decision of the Religious Court in 1958, the Shafi'i school has been the main reference in Islamic legal matters. Its influence is evident in judiciary decisions, fatwas, Islamic organizations, and educational institutions such as Islamic institutes and universities. Among the most widely used Shafi'i books are Fath al-Mu'in, Fath al-Qarib, Kifayat al-Akhyar, Fath al-Wahhab, and Safinat al-Naja. Keywords : History, Islam, Mazhab, Syafii, Indonesia
Dictionaries of jurisprudential terminology: A study and definition of the terms of uṣūl al-fiqh -Kutub al-Hudūd as a model-
Defining concepts and terminology is a fundamental part of Islamic sciences in general, and in the science of jurisprudence in particular, as fundamental terms constitute the cognitive and methodological tool used to determine the meanings of legal texts and understand the intent of the legislator. No fundamental study of a particular issue can be complete or accurate until the term around which it revolves has been precisely defined. This study aims to address the lexicons of fundamentalist terminology and books of definitions and definitions throughout the history of their codification. The study is not limited to a specific time or author, but rather encompasses what has been written in this field, paying attention to the rules and mastery of the authors of these lexicons in formulating definitions and definitions. This tracing is necessary to understand how dictionaries of fundamentalist boundaries and definitions evolved from brief references in fundamentalist texts, guides, general dictionaries, the words of the imams of jurisprudential schools and schools within schools, and the introductions to fundamentalist books, into independent and comprehensive compilations from the fifth century AH to the present day. The study also aims to trace the path of this lexical documentation and analyse the methodological and educational reasons that necessitated the separation of these terms into specific works. The study aims to achieve key objectives, including: First, the historical and bibliographical documentation of these dictionaries, mentioning the jurisprudential school of their authors, the geographical region, and a brief overview of each dictionary, distinguishing between the fundamental concepts of the study, such as dictionary, term, definition, lexicon, encyclopaedia, and the network of concepts related to the boundaries and definitions of fundamental terms. Second, the study and analysis of these dictionaries in terms of their content, the density of fundamental boundaries in them, and the methodology and style of each dictionary. Third, the fundamental analysis of selected fundamental terms such as mandub, sabab, qiyas, mushtarak, amr, and majt.
املنح والقروض الدراسة بني الشريعة اإلسالمية والقانون اهلولندي-دراسة فقهية مقارنة-
In this study, the scholarships and loans provided to secondary school, undergraduate, and graduate students in the Netherlands were examined. Scholarships given to students are essentially in the form of loans, and interest may be added to these loans depending on economic conditions. If students meet the specified conditions, the resulting loans can be converted into grants. Students have the right to benefit from the loan system specific to them as long as they continue their education. However, these loans do not have the possibility of being converted into grants and are affected by the amount of interest determined at the end of the year. After explaining these laws in the first chapter, the second chapter addresses issues such as debt and interest from the perspective of Islamic law, analyzing the views of scholars and the evidence supporting these views. In the final chapter of the study, after evaluating these Dutch laws on the scale of Islamic principles, it was determined whether students have the right to benefit from this service.
Bosna ve Kosova savaşları esnasında öne çıkan kriz zamanı fetvaları
Balkan coğrafyasının önemli iki ülkesi olan Bosna Hersek'te 1992-1995 ve Kosova'da 1998-1999 yılları arasında bölgenin çoğunluk nüfusunu oluşturan Müslümanlara yönelik tüm dünyanın şahit olduğu iki savaş yaşandı. Savaştan daha ziyade toplu bir kıyım hüviyetindeki bu katliamlarda bölge Müslümanlarının yaşadığı dini, hukuki, siyasi, sosyal, ekonomik pek çok kriz/olağanüstü durum cereyan etti. Başta Balkan coğrafyasının alimleri olmak üzere birçok alim ve kanaat önderi, savaş sebebiyle gündem olan zor zaman meselelerine cevap bulmak için gayret sarf ettiler. Bu çalışma, belirtilen zaman aralığında ve coğrafyada savaşın oluşturduğu koşullara yanıt olarak ortaya çıkan fıkhî üretimin tespitini arka planı ile birlikte ortaya koymaktadır. Netice, canlı ve dinamik bir ilim olan fıkhın sorun çözmedeki ve toplumsal hareketlilik ve değişimdeki konumunu belirgin bir şekilde ifade etmektedir. Anahtar kelimeler: Balkanlar, Bosna Hersek, Kosova, Fetva, Savaş, Kriz Zamanları
Hanefî ve Şâfiî mezheplerinin temel ihtilaf sebepleri ve Hanefî eserlerinde Şâfiî mezhebine nispet edilen görüşlerin incelenmesi -Molla Hüsrev'in Dürerü'l-Hükkâm adlı eserinin kurbandan nikaha kadar olan bölümü özelinde-
İslam hukukunda yoruma açık naslar üzerinde dil ve usul kurallarını kullanarak fikir üretmek suretiyle icra edilen ictihâd, müctehid alimlerin bakış açılarının derinliği yanında kullanılan tâlî delillerin çeşitliliği sebebiyle farklı fikir ve mezheplerin ortaya çıkmasına sebep olmuştur. Hanefî ve Şâfiî mezhepleri arasında gerçekleşen görüş farklılıklarını konu alan bu çalışma, giriş ve üç bölümden oluşmaktadır. Birinci bölümde, Hanefî ve Şâfiî mezheplerinin oluşumu, temel dayanakları ve genel karakteristiği ele alınmıştır. İkinci bölümde, her iki mezhebin başlıca ihtilaf sebepleri ve bunların furû'-i fıkha yansımaları mümkün mertebe örnekler üzerinden işlenmiştir. Üçüncü bölümde ise, Molla Hüsrev'in Dürerü'l-hükkâm adlı eserinde -kurbandan nikâh bahsine kadar- 19 yerde İmam Şâfiî ve Şâfiî mezhebine nispet ettiği görüşler, Şâfiî kaynaklarla karşılaştırılarak incelenmiş; 12 yerde bu nispetlerin doğru olduğu tespit edilmiş, 6 yerde Şâfiî mezhebinde detay olduğu, 1 yerde ise Şâfiî mezhebine atfedilen görüşün hatalı olduğu görülmüştür.
İbn Âbidîn'in usûlcülüğü (Nesemâtü'l-eshâr özelinde)
Mezhep merkezli telifin yaygın olduğu klasik devrin sonu ve modernizmden hemen önceki bir dönemde yaşamış olan İbn Âbidîn, fıkıh ve usûlüne dair çeşitli eserler kaleme almış önemli bir şahsiyettir. Hanefî mezhebinin sıkı bir müntesibi olan İbn Âbidîn'in fıkıh usûlüne dair kaleme aldığı Nesemâtü'l-eshâr haşiyesinin, neşet ettiği metin ve şerhin ortaya çıkması nazar-ı itibara alındığı takdirde eserin zengin bir usûl müktesebatının hasılası olduğundan söz edilebilir. Üç bölüm olarak hazırlanan tez çalışmasının birinci bölümünde konuya bir temel oluşturması için en genel hatlarıyla Hanefî usûlünün teşekkül tarihine ve mezhebin temel usûl parametrelerine temas edilmiştir. İkinci bölümde söz konusu haşiyenin merkezinde yer alan eserler olması hasebiyle Menâru'l-envâr metni ve onun İfâdatü'l-envâr adlı şerhinden ve müelliflerinden kısaca bahsetmek uygun görülmüştür. Ayrıca iç içe geçen metin, şerh ve haşiye yazım türlerinin birbirinden bağımsız değerlendirilemeyeceğinden ötürü fıkıh ilminin başlıca telif çeşitlerinden olan bu üç yazım türüne dair temel bilgi ve tespitlere yer verilmiştir. Üçüncü ve son bölümde ise İbn Âbidîn ve söz konusu eseri hakkında özet bir tanıtımın akabinde, müellifin haşiye özelinde usûl ilmine olan katkıları örneklerle ortaya konmaya çalışılmıştır.