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Videolarda sahtecilik tespiti
The whole world experiences digitalization at a rapid pace. Recently, smart phones, internet opportunities and digital video recording devices have accelerated digitalization. In social media, video sharing has become incredibly widespread. At the same time, videos are the most reliable and vital evidence both in social media and especially in courts. Videos are trusted more than pictures and any other evidence. However, many powerful and inexpensive video authoring tools for modifying video content are easily available by everyone today. A malicious attacker can destroy evidence in videos by deleting a sequence, adding a new sequence, changing the video stream order, etc. The easiness of these types of tampering has also reduced the trust to the videos. Therefore, videos can be accepted as reliable evidence by testing the originality of the video. In spite of the increasing variety of attacks on video content, the variety of authenticity testing methods increase day by day. In this study, a method is proposed to detect attacks such as deleting a part of the video content, adding a new section or changing the video stream order. Videos are formed by the flow of frame groups, such as pictures, in the time axis. Algorithm which is developed for our method is based on the using of correlation coefficients during the transitions of video frames. The method has been implemented with Matlab and tested on 120 videos. Test results have shown that the proposed method works quickly and successfully.
Modeling and control of 1.5 MW rated sparse matrix converter based wind energy conversion system
Sparse matrix converter (SMC) is a matrix converter topology without any storage element like an inductor or a capacitor. There is a fictitious DC link between rectifier and inverter stages in SMC topology. The input is directly connected to the output via a set of bidirectional power semiconductor switches. Such an arrangement decreases the converter size and increases the reliability. Due to these advantages, SMC is used in many applications like AC drives, aerospace industry, electric ships, as well as in wind energy applications. In this thesis, a three-phase SMC is adapted to a grid-connected permanent magnet synchronous generator-based wind energy conversion system (WECS). The IGBT is chosen as the power semiconductor element in the rectifier and inverter stages, controlled by sinusoidal pulse width modulation technique. The switching frequency is changeable in the range between 20-50 kHz. The overall system including the power stage as well as the control sub system are modelled and tested under various operating conditions. An LCL filter is replaced at the output of the SMC to weaken switching harmonics. Moreover, a fuzzy fractional-order PID (FFOPID) controller is designed to control active and reactive power of WECS. By this way, the dynamic response of a classical PID controller with fixed gains is improved by combining the salient features of fractional-order calculus and fuzzy logic theory. The simulation results show that the designed FFOPID controller is superior to classical PID controller in tracking d- and q-axis current references of the SMC at the output. FFOPID controller shows better transient performance when unit step changes are applied to the reference signals.
Development of an electrodynamic cooling system and simulator to improve the performance of a double faced photovoltaic system
Photovoltaic cooling is a way to improve electrical performance of photovoltaics against thermal effects. Based on this purpose, the thesis study is developed with three subsystems: Solar simulator system, dynamic control system and double faced photovoltaic system. Solar simulator system has two identical light sources, two identical photovoltaic panels back to back, cooler and heater. By activating heater, thermal effect on electrical performance of double faced system is observed. By activating cooler, cooling effect on electrical performance of double faced photovoltaic system is observed. Dynamic control system has two temperature sensors those are inside the solar simulator and outside the solar simulator. Based on temperature difference between temperature sensors, cooling mechanism is activated electrodynamically. Temperature measurement is done in a real-time manner. Double faced photovoltaic system is designed to improve electrical performance of photovoltaic systems. It is placed inside the solar simulator system to improve the output power. It is concluded that designed solar simulator system eases the observation of thermal and cooling effect on electrical performance of photovoltaic systems. Thanks to its time-independent and weather-independent operation, it is possible to conduct experiments in every day time, every month and every weather.
Bir bölgenin tek bant GSM RF enerji hasatlama potansiyelinin modellenmesi
In this thesis, it is aimed to model a region with machine learning to reveal the single band GSM RF energy harvesting potential and capacity. Since it is possible to harvest energy from many different ambient energies, similar studies have been carried out for many other sources such as sun, heat, light, piezoelectricity. In the thesis study, a sufficient number of basic level RF Energy Harvesting circuits were designed in the GSM 900MHz single band frequency band and a data set was created by measuring the amount of energy stored on the capacitor of this circuit on a daily basis. After observing the energy levels stored in the RF energy harvesting circuit for different time periods, the energy potential of the region was modeled with the help of linear regression, xgboost, arima and fb prophet algorithms, which are frequently used in machine learning algorithms, and a conclusion was reached about the potential of the region. Comparison of the performances of estimation algorithms was evaluated based on the MSE (Mean Square Error), MAE (Mean Absolute Error), RMSE (Root Mean Square Error), MAPE (Mean Absolute Percent Error) statistics, which are frequently used in machine learning.
Wideband MIMO 5G antennas in handsets
In this work, a design of a MIMO antenna array is proposed for 5G communication systems. The proposed individual antenna element is constructed of H-geometry. The proposed antenna is oriented to suit the frequency bands of new radio (NR) n77, n78, and n79 with an excellent matching coefficient. When the proposed antenna located in an array configuration, an excellent isolation is achieved below -15dB over the entire frequency bands of interest. For that, four elements are oriented on a rectangular FR-4 substrate to obtain an excellent size reduction of 13.4mm×6mm×0.75mm. The MIMO array`s radiation efficiency is found to be in the range of 70% to 88% within the frequency band of interest. The antenna gain is found to be in maximum of 5dBi at 4.5GHz. The maximum correlation factor between the antenna elements in terms of ECC is found below 0.004 for the entire frequency band. The radiation patterns are found to be scattered to different direction at different frequencies to fit the portable communication 5G devices. The proposed work is optimized using HFSS and validated using CST MWS. From the obtained results in terms of S-parameters and radiation patterns, the antenna shows an excellent radiation properties and enhanced bandwidth. The obtained results from both CST and HFSS agreed well to each other. Keywords: H-Shape, Antenna, NR-bands, 5G, MIMO, Array, CST MWS, HFSS.
Automated segmentation of maxillary sinus from computed tomography images: A comparative analysis of U-net and its variants with pre-trained encoders
The maxillary sinus holds an important position in the respiratory system, and its accurate segmentation from computed tomography (CT) images remains challenging. Traditional manual and semi-automatic methods are time-consuming and inconsistent, making them less suitable for clinical applications. Automated segmentation has become possible thanks to the advancements in deep learning, but challenges still exist due to the complex sinus anatomy and inter-individual variations. This study presents the development and evaluation of four different deep learning models for maxillary sinus segmentation: a plain U-Net model, and three U-Net variations that utilize VGG16, ResNet50, and Inception-ResNet v2 as encoders. The main objectives are to evaluate these models for accurate segmentation, to further segment the air section and mucosal inflammation within the MS, to calculate the maxillary sinus volume and opacification ratios, and to demonstrate the potential of deep learning models in maxillofacial radiology. The Inception-ResNet v2 - UNet model demonstrated the best performance with a Dice score of 0.96671 and an Intersection over Union (IoU) score of 0.94004, while all models, including the plain U-Net, have shown noteworthy successes.
Face detection and recognition based on raspberry Pi using HAAR cascading and convolution neural network
Face Detection is a form of biometric method that relates to the automatic detection of faces by computerized systems through observation of the face. It is a popular feature in biometrics, digital cameras, and social tagging. Face detection and recognition have received increased research focus in recent years. In this thesis, a face detection and recognition system have been proposed and developed for detecting and recognition faces through the hybridization of two algorithms: HAAR cascading algorithm and deep learning algorithm. The proposed system consists of two approaches. The first approach, the HAAR cascading algorithm, was developed by taking a shot of the face and reducing it several times to ensure that there is a face at each shrinking time. The second approach has proposed convolution neural network (CNN) model to increase accuracy of classification. In addition to improving each algorithm, hybridization of the two algorithms significantly improved the results of the classification. In proposed system two dataset was used: download dataset, and real dataset. The accuracy of modifying HAAR in detection reached 98.667% for real dataset, and 97.532 % for download dataset. The accuracy of proposed model of CNN in classification reached 96.23% for download dataset, and 100% for real dataset. The tests conducted on the developed facial recognition system have demonstrated that the proposed algorithms and the developed real-time facial recognition system yield satisfactory results. Key Words: Face Detection, Face Recognition, HAAR Cascading, CNN.
Personality prediction system based on physiognomy using face recognition
the human face is a wealthy source of information, with distinct features such as the eyes, nose, and mouth offering a wealth of data. Facial feature recognition algorithms leverage this wealth of information to distinguish one person from another, making it a powerful tool with many applications. This technology has found its way into numerous aspects of our daily lives, from unlocking smartphones with a simple glance to enhancing security in public spaces. Even more, a person's personality traits can be predicted from their outer appearance according to physiognomy as each shape of facial features can tell a lot about a person's personality; this work addresses this by proposing a novel dataset created for facial feature recognition based on their shape and color, specially designed for the YOLO object detection models; the final dataset contains 2,116 images with Over 10K annotations with six classes, namely blue eye, brown eye, rounded nose, rounded eyebrows, pointy nose, and straight eyebrows, employed in all version of the YOLOv8 object detection model, experiment result shows that the small version of YOLOv8 performed the best based on mAP of 89.9%, this work also proposed a modified lightweight version of YOLOv8 with only 211 layers which outperformed the best model by 1.4% as it reaches 91.3%mAP on the proposed dataset.
Visual motion control for autonomous wheelchair sidewalk following
The independent mobility of wheelchair users is pivotal for their overall well-being. Negotiating electric wheelchairs through constrained spaces, especially for those with disabilities, presents notable challenges. In response, this research introduces a pioneering vision-based approach for sidewalk navigation, leveraging tactile paving features and advanced Machine Learning (ML) models. Our methodology encompasses the creation of a specialized dataset, the formulation of a custom control law, and the deployment of a lightweight real-time Gaussian Process (GP) model on a Raspberry Pi platform. Thorough experimentation substantiates the efficacy of our approach, demonstrating accurate and dependable autonomous wheelchair navigation on sidewalks. Beyond technical contributions, our solution offers a cost-effective alternative to conventional sensor-dependent systems, profoundly enhancing user mobility and overall quality of life. By empowering wheelchair users with enhanced navigation capabilities, this research strives to foster independence and inclusion in their daily lives.
Utilization of ultrasonic energy in textile wet processing
In this study, it is attempted to designing and realizing ultrasonic cleaning system that will be used to remove weakly bounded dye particles on new colored fabrics. In order to achieve desired goal, ultrasonic cleaning system will be design and simulate in finite element method simulation program. Application fields of ultrasonic energy are very wide. These are medical, military, marine, chemistry and cleaning. Ultrasonic cleaning systems consist of at least one ultrasonic transducer, ultrasonic generator and cleaning tank. Ultrasonic transducer converts electrical signals to mechanical vibration at ultrasonic frequencies. Keywords: Ultrasonics, Simulation, Piezo transducer
New techniques for classification, enhancement, and fusion of multispectral remote sensing images
ABSTRACTMSc THESISNEW TECHNIQUES FOR CLASSIFICATION, ENHANCEMENT, AND FUSION OFMULTISPECTRAL REMOTE SENSING IMAGESGülçin YİĞİTLERDEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERINGINSTITUTE OF NATURAL AND APPLIED SCIENCESUNIVERSITY OF ÇUKUROVASupervisor : Asst. Prof. Dr. Turgay İBRİKÇİProf. Dr. Okan ERSOYYear: 2005, Pages: 69Jury : Asst. Prof. Dr. Turgay İBRİKÇİProf. Dr. Vedat PEŞTEMALCIAsst. Prof. Dr. Kerem ÜNRaw satellite images often contain a vast amount of information that is not readilyapparent to the analyst. Therefore, image enhancement techniques are used to highlightfeatures of interest and expose subtle differences in the spectral signature of the componentsof the target.This thesis presents a new approach to the development of multispectral /hyperspectral image enhancement and fusion algorithms. In approaches used up to now forimage enhancement, the bands are typically processed separately, and this results inconsiderable distortion. The amounts of information in many bands are also not veryefficiently used. The objective of this work is to utilize the amount of information availablemore effectively, remove such distortions and to improve the appearance of the images. Torealize this goal, we developed two new algorithms using transform techniques. In theresulting algorithms developed, image enhancement and image fusion are consideredtogether. The first algorithm developed is RGB (Red Green Blue) to IHS (Intensity HueSaturation) (RGB2NTSC) algorithm which uses RGB to IHS transformation method and amorphological filter. The second algorithm developed is the real discrete Fourier transform(RDFT) algorithm. Because the RGB2NTSC algorithm allows a transformation to work onlywith three images, to be able to combine more than three images, we used the RDFT. Thefinal images obtained from these algorithms are much less noisy and has more desirableproperties such as sharp edges.Keywords: Image Enhancement, Image Fusion, Multispectral and Hyperspectral Images, IHSTransform, RDFT Transform.
Modeling of dynamic voltage restorer
ABSTRACTMSc THESISMODELING OF DYNAMIC VOLTAGE RESTORERAhmet TEKEDEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERINGINSTITUTE OF NATURAL AND APPLIED SCIENCESUNIVERSITY OF ÇUKUROVASupervisor: Assoc. Prof. Dr. Mehmet TÜMAYYear: September 2005, Pages: 126Jury: Assoc. Prof. Dr. Mehmet TÜMAYAsst. Prof. Dr. Murat AKSOYAsst. Prof. Dr. Mutlu AVCIThe fast developments in power electronic technology have made it possible tomitigate voltage disturbances in power systems. Among the voltage disturbanceschallenging the industry, the voltage sags are considered the most important problemto the sensitive loads. Dynamic Voltage Restorer (DVR) is a series connected powerelectronic based device that can quickly mitigate the voltage sags in the system andrestore the load voltage to the pre-fault value. DVR is recognized to be the besteffective solution to overcome this problem. The primary advantage of the DVR iskeeping the users always on-line with high quality constant voltage maintaining thecontinuity of production.A new method for the generation of reference voltage for a DVR is presented inthis thesis. The proposed method provides superior performance compared toconventional control methods because of not involving any transformation process.The control scheme is rather simple, flexible in cost and has an excellent voltageregulation capability.The basic purpose of this thesis is analyzing, modeling and simulating theDVR, which protects a 50-kVA sensitive load. The performance and efficiency of theproposed method are investigated with different simulation studies by MATLAB/Simulink program.Keywords: Dynamic Voltage Restorer, Voltage Sag and Power QualityII
Analysis and classification of EEG with adapted wavelets and local discriminant bases
ABSTRACTPhD THESISANALYSIS AND CLASSIFICATION OF EEG WITH ADAPTEDWAVELETS AND LOCAL DISCRIMINANT BASESNuri Fırat İNCEDEPARTMENT OF.ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING.INSTITUTE OF BASIC AND APPLIED SCIENCESUNIVERSITY OF ÇUKUROVASupervisor: Yrd. Doç. Dr. Sami ARICA2nd Supervisor: Prof. Dr. Pekcan UNGANYear: 2005, Pages: 99Jury: Prof. Dr. Yakup SARICADoç. Dr. Caner ÖZDEMİRDoç. Dr. Turgut İKİZYrd. Doç. Dr. Ali KOKANGÜLElectroencephalogram (EEG) can be used as a strategic tool in establishingcommunication and control between handicapped people and their environment. The socalled ?Brain Computer Interface? (BCI) is constructed by analysis and classification ofspecific patterns in the ongoing EEG which are induced without any need of muscular act.Motor Imagery has similar behavior and can be used as a strategy in the construction of BCI.Motor Imagery induced EEG patterns also have strong relationship to the real performanceof the event. Several methods such as band power and autoregressive model parameters wereused to analyze and classify the single trial EEG for a BCI task. Most of these methods usedfixed time points or frequency indexes. However the movement EEG is non-stationary andcontains subject specific patterns. Therefore it is crucial to extract local and subjectdepended information in an automated manner. In this work an adaptive time-frequencyapproach is investigated to analyze and classify real and imagery hand movement EEGs. Atfirst movement EEG is adaptively divided in time axis by using the Best Base (BB) approachwhich is obtained from the Local Cosine Packets by entropy minimization. BB has capturedtime varying properties of the signal by adjusting analysis segments where it is assumed theycorrespond to physiological states. In the latter case a modified version of Best Basealgorithm, ?Local Discriminant Bases? (LDB) were used to extract subject specific time-frequency features in an automated manner for classification of left and right handmovement imagery. Unfortunately this method suffers from the lack of translation invarianceand causes high dimensionality. Therefore several feature extraction and dimensionreduction methods such as modified mel-scale, principal component analysis and spin cycleprocedures are applied to improve the classification performance. One of the interestingresults is the difference of the adaptive segmentations and feature characteristic of bothhemispheres. The algorithm did not only adapt to time and frequency but also to space. As afurther step the number of electrodes is increased to benefit from the different cortical areas.Accordingly our algorithm has promising success for the BCI technology.Key Words: EEG, Brain Computer Interface, Movement Imagery, Adaptive Time-Frequency Analysis.I
Indoor wireless propagation models and measurements
ABSTRACTMSc THESISINDOOR WIRELESS PROPAGATION MODELS AND MEASUREMENTSNeveser ÇAYIRCIDEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERINGINSTITUTE OF NATURAL AND APPLIED SCIENCESUNIVERSITY OF ÇUKUROVASupervisor : Prof. Dr. Hamit SERBESTYear: 2005 Pages: 54Jury : Prof. Dr. A. Hamit SERBESTProf. Dr. Süleyman GÜNGÖRAsst. Prof. Dr. Turgut İKİZDue to the great success of wireless communications used in outdoor mobileradio systems, the wireless communication inside vehicles and buildings becomesmore and more important. There have been a number of recent investigations onindoor radio propagation modeling. In the last years different prediction models forindoor environments were developed for the frequency range between 500 MHz andupper frequencies (at GHz).In this thesis, the most popular two models used for indoor propagation aretested and compared to one another and to measurements in various indoorenvironments. Indoor propagation is, of course, more complex than outdoorpropagation becaused received signal strength depends on open plan offices,construction materials, building structure, density of people, furniture, etc. Variousobjects may scatter, diffract, reflect, and absorb radiation and cause decrease in thereceived level of signal level. Therefore, accurate characterization of the buildingmaterials is necessary for prediction of wave propagation behavior within indoorenvironments.For this purpose, in the present work, a free-space method for theinvestigation of dielectric properties is used and cement-based materials (concrete)are measured at microwave frequencies for determining transmission and reflectioncoefficients.Keywords :Indoor Radio Propagation, Path Loss, GTD, Free-Space Method,Dielectric Permittivity.I
Sıklıkla kullanılan yapay sinir ağları algoritmalarının Antalya iline ait elektrik yük tahmini özelinde analitik olarak değerlendirilmesi
Bu çalışmada, Yapay Sinir Ağları (YSA) kullanılarak Antalya iline ait elektrik yük tahmini baz alınıp algoritmalar değerlendirilmiştir. Çalışmada oluşturulan elektrik yük modeli MATLAB programı YSA araç kutusu ile geri beslemeli 3 katmanlı bir ağ olarak tasarlanmış ve çözülmüştür. Modelde kullanılan giriş verileri 2001-2011 yılları arasındaki aylık ortalama Elektrik (E), Sıcaklık (S), Nem (N), Basınç (B) ve Nüfus (P) değerlerini kapsamaktadır. Modelde E-S-N-B, E-S-N, E-B-N, E-B-S ve E-S-B-P giriş verileri kullanılmış olup, Levenberg-Marquardt (LM), Gradient-Descent (GD), Resilient Propagation (RP), Gradient-Descent-Momentum (GDM), Gradient-Descent-Adaptive (GDA) ve Gradient-Descent-Adaptive-Momentum-Rate Backpropagation (GDX) algoritmaları yardımıyla otuz adet tahmin değeri elde edilmiştir. Elde edilen değerler ile hesaplanan ortalama karekök hatası değeri (OKH), iterasyon sayısı, işlem süresi gibi kriterleri baz alan bir Analitik Hiyerarşi Süreci (AHS) modeli geliştirilmiş ve sıklıkla kullanılan bu YSA algoritmaları sıralanmıştır. Diğer çalışmalardan farklı olarak YSA modeli üç veya dört girişli olarak çalıştırılmış ve sıklıkla kullanılan YSA algoritmaları Antalya ili vaka çalışması üzerinden birçok-kriterli karar verme aracı olan AHS yöntemi ile değerlendirilmiştir.
A Technique of managing clients via internet
In this study, a method of remote control of computers via internet is proposed. Minimum requirement to use the method is two computers, server and client, with internet connections Server computer processes sent command by client and sends back relevant information with its screen snapshot to client. Client gets data due to permission of remote viewing and controlling of process. The proposed software can be applied to servicing systems, which are constructed with more than one server and one client. Key Words: Remote Control, Winsock, TCP/IP, and Server/Client
Diffraction of plane waves by an impedance half-plane in cold plasma
ABSTRACT MSc THESIS DIFFRACTION OF PLANE WAVES BY AN IMPEDANCE HALF PLANE IN COLD PLASMA Şule YENER DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING INSTITUTE OF NATURAL AND APPLIED SCIENCES UNIVERSITY OF ÇUKUROVA Supervisor : Prof. Dr. A.Hamit SERBEST Year:2000 Pages: 69 Jury : Prof. Dr. A. Hamit SERBEST Asst. Prof. Dr. Turgut İKÎZ Asst. Prof. Dr. Caner ÖZDEMİR In the present work, the problem of plane wave diffraction by an impedance half-plane in cold plasma is investigated. Diffraction by an impedance half-plane is a canonical configuration and may be used in modelling scattering from a variety of complex objects. The boundary-value problem corresponding to this canonical structure is formulated by Fourier transform technique, and leads to a matrix Wiener- Hopf equation. The resulting matrix is expressed in a form convenient to be factorized by Daniele-Khrapkov method, which yields a formal solution to the problem under consideration. The matrix Wiener-Hopf equation is reduced to a simpler form by assuming £2 -» 0, where sz is an element of the tensor of dielectric permittivity. This occurs; if the operating frequency is assumed to be very large compared to Keyword: Dalga kırılması = Wave breaking ; Fourier dönüşümü = Fourier transformation ; Soğuk plazma = Cold plasma ; Sınır değer problemleri = Boundary value problems
Diffraction of plane waves by a two-impedance wedge in cold plasma
ABSTRACT MSc THESIS DIFFRACTION OF PLANE WAVES BY A TWO-IMPEDANCE WEDGE IN COLD PLASMA Filiz KARAOMERLİOGLU DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING INSTITUTE OF NATURAL AND APPLIED SCIENCES UNIVERSITY OF ÇUKUROVA Supervisor : Asst. Prof. Dr. Turgut İKİZ Year: 2001 Pages: 53 Jury : Asst. Prof. Dr. Turgut İKİZ Prof. Dr. A. Hamit SERBEST Asst. Prof. Dr. Caner ÖZDEMİR A wedge is an important canonical structure in diffraction theory. Practically a two-impedance wedge in a cold plasma may be used in modelling the electromagnetic scattering from a variety of large and complex objects. In this study, the scattered field is represented in the form of a Sommerfeld integral with an unknown spectral function. By using the impedance boundary conditions a nonhomogeneous functional equation is obtained. The solution of the functional equation can be represented in terms of ?-functions and S integrals. After determining the unknown spectral function in the Sommerfeld integral, the Sommerfeld contour is deformed into the steepest descent paths. Diffraction coefficients are also discussed. During the deformation process the geometrical optics wave contributions is found. Keywords : Electromagnetic wave diffraction, Two-impedance wedge, Cold plasma, Sommerfeld integral, Steepest descent paths
Diffraction by thin dielectric strip and its application to modelling of microwave scattering and absorbtion by plant elements
35 olarak belirli bir dielektrik sabit ve şerit boyutları alınarak bulundu. kl)\e - M - 0.5, koşulu sağlanırsa bulunan sonuçlar genelleştirilmiş Kayleiglı-Cîans yöntemi ile bulunan sonuçlarla iyi bir benzerlik olduğu gösterilmişi ir. Mükemmel iletken şeritle ve bir ince dielektrik şeritten saçılmaya ait. ışıma diagramları karşılaştınlmıştır.* İnce dielektrik tabakaların simulasyonunda iyi sonuçlar veren rezistif şeritten saçınım problemi için asimptotik bir çözüm önerilmiştir. 2a genişliğinde direnci H olan ve y=0 düzlemi üzerinde -aKeyword: Dielektrikler = Dielectrics ; Saçılma problemleri = Scattering problems
Investigation of chaotic instability in a dissipative circuit
58 SUMMARY In this thesis, a second - order nonautonomous dissipative nonlinear electrical circuit is studied with respect to its chaotic instability under single frequency and multi-frequency cases. Interaction of capacitive and resistive and, inductive and resistive nonlinearities in the circuit are investigated with due regard in the effect of capacitive and inductive nonlinearities on its various chaotic behavior. The results of the study are presented in the form of graphics. The effective parameters on the chaotic behavior of the circuit are emphasized in the discussion of, ways of controlling and synchronizing chaos.
Design and analysis of 33 KV and 11 KV electrical networks for distribution systems
Due to the massive growth in electrical energy consumption and the expansions put on distribution systems because of the enormous and rapid urban development, designing electrical distribution systems is currently; regarded as of the utmost importance in Iraq. The electrical system performs best when losses are minimized, the voltage profile is improved, and system component overload is reduced. This technique ensures redundancy and energy recovery in the electricity systems. This study suggests a design to attain the best network operating status by integrating network reconfiguration in synchronism with the insertion of capacitors of optimal sizing and locations. Because of the size of the separate non-linear configure problem, the vast number of variables, and the existence of objectives and conditions, this approach classify as such. The backward/forward load flow approach is used to get all scenarios' power dissipation and voltages on buses. The powerful and sophisticated CYM_Dist program is used to model distribution systems and conduct the necessary analysis in the proposed design of distribution systems. Many electrical enterprises worldwide, including the Iraqi Ministry of Electricity, employ the practical and effective analytical program CYM Dist. Using IEEE 33-bus and IEEE 34-bus test networks, respectively, the most effective ways for reconfiguring the network and placing capacitors are put to the test. Compared to earlier research referenced in the literature, the results exhibit great agreement. The project is being carried out on a real section of the Al-Jamiea 11kV, 145 bus, 4 feeders system in the Najaf city distribution system. The results have been obtained with minimal active power losses and an improved voltage profile.
Performance analysis of PV panel for different working conditions in Kirkuk region
In this study, we evaluated the effect that different factors of the environment have on the photovoltaic PV system performance. It is well knowledge that the weather conditions in a given area can have a significant impact on the amount of electricity produced by a photovoltaic (PV) system. The amount of solar energy that strikes the panels, the temperature and humidity of the surrounding air, and the velocity of the wind are the most readily apparent factors. The degree to which the panels get dirty or contaminated is impacted by the local weather conditions and the amount of precipitation that falls, which in turn has an effect on the amount of electricity produced. In this thesis, the sensitivity of monocrystalline solar modules to changes in environmental parameters like dust and high temperature buildup and cloud cover in the Kirkuk environment is studied from the start of March to the end of August 2022. Three identical solar photovoltaic (PV) modules were used in a controlled experiment to determine the impact of various environmental conditions on a PV module. Every morning throughout April and May, the modules are cleaned so that the impact of dust accumulations on the panel's surface may be tracked. The results show that the daily energy yield of the uncleaned module is drastically reduced due to the accumulation of dust. However, this effect last for a very long time. The effect on the sky's clouds is instantly noticeable. This limitation highlights the challenges associated with routinely cleaning the surface of the module and renders solar photovoltaics (PV) panel an unreliable power source for far-flung devices. The second contribution of this thesis is to compute the consumption of a regular house in Iraq for six months (March-August) to find the optimum design of a soalr system to be enough for this house without using the goverment electricity
Elektrikli araç teknolojisi ve Çankırı ilinde çatı tipi güneş paneli destekli elektrikli araç şarj istasyonu tasarımı ve maliyet analizi
Bu araştırmada elektrikli araçlara dair gelişmeler ile gelecekte bu araçların gelişim olanakları hakkında incelemeler yapılmıştır. Bu gelişmeler sonucunda elektrikli araçların insan yaşamındaki yeri, fosil yakıt tüketimli araçlar ile elektrikli araçların farkları ve elektrikli araç kullanımı sonucu çevresel ve toplumsal alanda yaşanması öngörülen değişim ve gelişimlerin neler olabileceği konusu üzerinde durulmuştur. Elektrikli araçların şarj sistemleri ve bu şarj sistemleri ile alakalı Türkiye'nin kullandığı standart belirtilmiştir. Elektrikli araç şarj terminalleri üzerine yapılan araştırmalar incelenmiş ve bu şarj terminallerinde güneş enerjisi kullanımının tercih edilmesi sonucu Çankırı ilinde PV panel kullanımı ile bir şarj terminali tasarımı yapılmıştır. Bu tasarım neticesinde Çankırı ilinde PV sistem ile elektrikli araç şarj işleminin verimli olup olmayacağı incelenmiş ve maliyet analizi yapılmıştır. Ayrıca, elektrikli araçlar ile içten yanmalı motorlara sahip araçların yakıt giderleri karşılaştırılmış olup, bu anlamda hangi araçların kullanımının daha uygun olduğu incelenmiştir. Burada, sonuç olarak Çankırı ilinde PV sistem ile araç şarj işleminin yapılabileceği, elde edilen bilgiler neticesinde günlük ortalama 28,5 kWh enerji ihtiyacı olan bir araç için 535 Wp'lik 15 panel ile kurulacak bir sistem ile enerji ihtiyacının karşılanabileceği, ayrıca fosil yakıtlı araçların elektrikli araçlara göre ortalama yakıt tüketimi maliyetlerinin ortalama bir değer ile 3,15 katı kadar daha maliyetli olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır.
PV solar generation and technologies, comparison of MONO-SI, POLY-SI and thin-film panels
Renewable energy is energy derived from natural sources that is replenished at a rate that exceeds what is consumed. Renewable energy sources are abundant, and they are all around us. In contrast, fossil fuels (including gas, oil, and coal) are exhausted over time and require millions of years to create from scratch. Climate change and the increase in fossil fuel prices in the wake of the global increase in energy demand have prompted research to focus on the development of alternative resources. One of the most promising options seems to be solar energy, which can be converted directly into electricity thanks to the PV effect. Solar energy allows for decentralized energy production, which adapts to both resources and local needs and offers significant energy autonomy. A better, more sustainable, and more reliable electrical supply may be achieved by decentralized power generation using renewable energy sources. Solar modules differ in production technology, quality, method of use, and many other parameters. In this project, solar energy, solar modules, and their components will be introduced, and solar cell parameters will be determined. These types will then be compared in terms of efficiency and losses.
The effect of ambient temperature on the voltage generation of the photovoltaic panel and cooling systems
The electric solar panel produces electricity throughout the day. In fact, it transforms part of the solar radiations into electricity. Indeed, the photons which come with the solar radiations collide with the electrons which are in the photovoltaic cell and consequently electricity is produced. But this production of electricity by the photovoltaic solar panel depends on the operational temperature, in other words it is influenced by the ambient temperature T of the location. To illustrate this influence, a PV system is concepted in Matlab-Simulink. In some regions of Africa where temperature can reach up to 50 ℃, some customers complain about its influence, hence the objective of this article: the solar panel cooling systems which will make it possible to compensate the effect of temperature T on the production of electricity. Different cooling techniques is analyzed and described regarding the equipment and the working fluids used. In the last part of this work, to simplify users the cheapest and most efficient cooling methods is provided and commented.
Telekomünikasyon güç sistemi: Enerji tasarrufu, yenilenebilir kaynaklar ve çevre izleme
This study presents an outline of the design, development, and validation of a monitoring system, specifically intended for tracking the efficiency of solar power generation in remote communication towers. Solar energy is often discredited due to its intermittent nature, low efficiency, and high costs. Nevertheless, it's a vital alternative for powering infrastructures located in isolated regions. In this study, a GPS-based remote solar energy monitoring system has been designed developed and subsequently tested to demonstrate full functionality. The monitoring process incorporates multiple techniques. The traditional offline data collection is restrictive due to the lack of real-time data capabilities. The reliance on cables with relatively high maintenance costs, also imposes technical constraints given the necessity for their proximity to the monitoring station. As a potential solution to these challenges, this study proposes an online monitoring system for grid photovoltaic (PV) systems. This system is integrated with an embedded GSM mechanism, which provides continuous, real-time data updates. Arduino IDE has been developed and utilized to process raw data in real-time, enabling the monitoring of critical variables such as PV output and grid inverter output, essential for the system's stability. The system transmits data to the cloud, so it allows remote monitoring. To enhance usability and accessibility, a supplementary smartphone application has been developed using Google's MIT App Inventor 2. This application allows users to access and monitor the same cloud data conveniently via their smartphones, thereby improving the system's real-time monitoring capabilities. The successful implementation and the potential of this robust monitoring system, especially in remote locations is presented.
Design and construction of multi-purpose robot controlled from remote
Robotun teknolojik tanımı, belirli bir görevi yerine getirmek için akıllıca programlanmış akıllı bir araçtır. Teknolojik gelişmeler ışığında sürekli gelişen robotik biliminin sınırları yoktur. Daha önce yapılan birkaç araştırmadan sonra, ormanlarda yangınla mücadele ve askeri operasyonlar gibi önemli görevleri yerine getirmek için bir robot yapmak tercih edildi. Girilmesi zor yerler, patlayıcıların uzaklaştırılması ve asker ve sivillerden uzak tutulması ve diğer amaçlar ama esas olarak bu iki amaç. Bu robot, bir şeyleri kavramak için iki elle, gözlem için kameralı bir kafayla ve ayaklar yerine dört tekerlekle tasarlandı. Sıcaklık sensörü gibi bazı sensörler tehlike dedektörü olarak eklenmiştir. Tüm parçalar bir cep telefonu uygulaması veya bir uzaktan kumanda çubuğu veya Dizüstü bilgisayar aracılığıyla uzaktan kontrol edilir ve kontrolör ile robot arasındaki bağlantı, sinyalin onlarca kilometre mesafeye gönderilip alınmasını sağlayan bir ZigBee parçasıdır. Performans kolaylığına katkıda bulunan 6 serbestlik derecesinde hareket eden robot üzerinde iki elle yüksek hasar nedeniyle hayat kurtarmaya zarar veren alandan uzağa, Farklı parçaları taşımak için robotla yapılan deneylerden sonra, sonuçlar başarılı oldu ve robotun performansı arttı. kolay, tüm eklemler serbestçe hareket ettiğinden, istenen amaca uygun
An asymmetric fuzzy logic controller based MPPT algorithm for PV system
Renewable solar energy systems with photovoltaic modules convert solar thermal energy into electricity, making sunlight a viable renewable energy source. Sunlight is available in surplus amounts and can be replenished naturally. Conventional solar systems with advanced maximum power point tracking (MPPT) features cannot utilize all power supplied by the photovoltaic system due to nonlinear properties of the PV cell. Optimized control algorithms and powerful MPPT controllers are essential for efficient and organized solar energy systems. It has the significant advantage of utilizing all the power with minimum energy loss. Another advantage of using an MPPT controller is that it is very cost-effective. The main objective of this study is to compare various powerful technology-based techniques to implement MPPT control and to obtain a regulated production with better results. MPPT control algorithm has been used to maintain the PV array's route of greatest power with an effective and optimum output response. In order to assure a quick and precise MPPT algorithm and to extract the most energy and power possible from the PV array, an effective DC-DC Boost converter has been used. Maximum power-delivering mechanism for solar power systems has been analyzed. In this study; PI controller, fuzzy logic and Adaptive-Network Based Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) has been used for MPPT. The results of three algorithms has been compared which each other.
Study and improve the performance of multiuser sharing access for 5G networks
Non-orthogonal Multiple Access (NOMA) technologies are considered as one of the proposed solutions to meet the requirements of the fifth generation. It has the ability to improve spectral efficiency through users' sharing of radio resources, and increasing the degree of freedom in the number of non-orthogonal resources. However, these technologies suffer from interference between users' signals due to the absence of orthogonality, which can be reduced by using advanced receivers of high complexity. The Power Domain non-orthogonal multiple access (PD-NOMA) and Multi-User Sharing Access (MUSA) schemes are types of NOMA Technologies. They improve system efficiency by increasing the number of users on the same radio resource and achieving higher flexibility in reuse of system resources. Both schemes can be used in both downlink and uplink systems based on Minimum Mean Square Error - Successive Interference Cancellation (MMSE-SIC) receiver to improve decoding performance. In this study, the performance of the MUSA system has been improved in the uplink by applying the PD-NOMA scheme and the effect on the error probability and minimum rate performance of the system caused by cross-correlation between the complex spreading sequences and the power allocation scheme has been analyzed. Also, the optimal solution for the spreading sequences and the power coefficients allocation that achieve the maximum minimum signal to interference and noise ratio on which the rate and bit error rate performances in the hybrid NOMA scheme depends, has been studied. Two iterative algorithm has been proposed to solve the optimization problem separately. OMA (Orthogonal Multiple Access) scheme has been proposed as a benchmark. The simulation results showed that our proposed scheme outperforms on the OMA benchmark in terms of achievable minimum rate per user and total power consumption. Besides, the bit error rate performance is improved in the proposed scheme compared to the conventional MUSA scheme.
Tunable tranmission spectrum of a periodically corrugatedwaveguide
ABSTRACTMSc THESISTUNABLE TRANMISSION SPECTRUM OF A PERIODICALLYCORRUGATED WAVEGUIDEEser AKRAYDEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERINGINSTITUTE OF NATURAL AND APPLIED SCIENCESUNIVERSITY OF CUKUROVASupervisor: Prof. Dr. Victor POGREBNYAKYear: 2006, Pages: 172Jury : Prof. Dr. Victor POGREBNYAKProf. Dr. Süleyman GÜNGÖRDoç. Dr. Turgut İKİZAnalysis of electromagnetic wave propagation in periodic structures is ofconsiderable interest due to their extensive use in many fields of electrical andelectronics engineering and technology such as quantum- and optoelectronics,photonic crystals, fiber grating sensors and microwaves.Although the applications of periodic structures are well developed, there arestill some basic experimental problems, such experimental problem as tunabilitymechanism of the transmission spectrum in a planar periodically corrugatedwaveguide, which need more detailed investigation.Aside from considerable interest to the propagation of waves in periodicstructures great interest to the propagation of waves in disordered structures byscientists has never been remained behind that of periodic structures as well.In this thesis, the tunability of the transmission spectrum of a planarperiodically corrugated waveguide was investigated theoretically and experimentallyat the microwave range of frequency. Measurement of the transmission propertiesshowed that the location of the gap in the frequency spectrum as well as its widthdepends on the relative position of two corrugated plates. The transmission variesfrom zero to a maximum value upon shifting one periodic plate with respect toanother on the half period of the corrugation. The results confirm the theoritecalprediction of the transformation of tunabilty of the transmission spectrum from aband structure form to a gapless one upon such a shift of one of the plates.Then the effect of randomizing period of a corrugated waveguide wasinvestigated. The corrugated waveguide having randomized periods was designed,manufactured, and its transmission spectrum was investigated experimentally. Theexperimental results are in a good agreement with the known theoretical predictionsand results.Keywords: Electromagnetic wave, planar waveguide, Bragg reflection, periodicity,tunable frequency spectrum
Design and applications of fuzzy and neural controllers
Controllers and control algorithms are important elements of systems,providing trouble-free operations. Implementing different control strategies mayhave different effects on systems. While PID controllers are widely used, Fuzzy andNeural controllers are still drawing attention. In the thesis, Fuzzy and Neuralcontrollers are realized and the reactions of the system to the controllers areinvestigated. Several case studies are conducted to show the viability of controllerdesigns and comparison of them.A C++ implementation of a fuzzy controller is prepared to use in real timeapplications. The use of this code in applications and the adaptation for differentcontrollers are explained.Keywords: Fuzzy Logic Controller, Neural Controller
PID parameters tuning based on Dandelion optimization algorithm for dc motor
In various applications demanding precise control over position and speed, such as robotics and CNC machines, the utilization of direct current (DC) motors has been widely acknowledged. In this context, an exhaustive investigation into a permanent magnet DC motor (PMDC) has been undertaken in this thesis. A cascaded P-PI controller has been formulated and executed to manage the rotational speed and angular position of the motor. Comprised of three individual controllers, the cascaded configuration has been engineered such that the first controller is committed to current regulation, the second to speed adjustment, and the third to position governance. To optimize the control methodology for the DC motor, various algorithms have been explored. The Classic Method (CM), genetic algorithm (GA), butterfly optimization algorithm (BOA), and dandelion optimization algorithm (DOA) have been applied to this purpose. Performance criteria have been employed to compare these four algorithms. It was found that DOA exhibited the shortest rise time of 0.076 seconds and the least overshoot of 3.13%, thus being identified as the superior option for motor control. Following closely, BOA demonstrated a rise time of 0.08 seconds and a somewhat elevated overshoot of 4%. On the other hand, GA was observed to be less efficacious with a protracted rise time of 0.35 seconds, settling time of 0.5 seconds, and the highest overshoot at 8.1128%. Optimization of the PID controller parameters was subsequently carried out using DOA, in light of its exceptional response to time-domain features and its attainment of desired performance metrics. The cascaded P-PI controller, when optimized with DOA, has been shown to facilitate superior control over the PMDC motor's speed and position. By virtue of this optimization, an enhanced level of accuracy and stability has been achieved, making the system more reliable and efficient in practical applications that necessitate rigorous control over motor variables. Through systematic evaluation, it has been revealed that the cascaded P-PI controller's architecture enables a more refined and effective control strategy. Additionally, the benefit of employing optimization algorithms for fine-tuning the controller has been distinctly verified. Among the algorithms scrutinized, DOA emerged as the most effective in optimizing the PID controller parameters, thereby substantiating its applicability and efficacy in real-world scenarios. The findings of this thesis have significant implications for industries and applications where precise motor control is paramount. Through the implementation of the cascaded P-PI controller optimized by DOA, an advancement in the state of the art in motor control has been realized. The research has successfully addressed the inherent challenges related to speed and position control in PMDC motors and has laid down a robust foundation for future work in this domain. Thus, a comprehensive understanding of the comparative advantages and limitations of various optimization algorithms in the context of PMDC motor control has been achieved, culminating in the identification of DOA as the preeminent choice for optimization.
Robust control of buck-boost converter using sliding mode controller
A comprehensive comparative analysis of Sliding Mode Control (SMC) and Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) controllers is conducted by this thesis study to determine the optimal strategy for robust control in buck-boost converters. A particular focus is placed on enhancing the performance and reliability of these converters, which are recognized as crucial elements in several industries, including renewable energy systems, electric vehicles, and variable-speed drives. Due to an ever-increasing demand for higher efficiency and reliability in these applications, a critical need for control systems that can effectively manage uncertainties, parameter variations, and external disturbances without compromising on performance is identified. In response to this need, the theoretical foundations and mechanisms underlying both SMC and PID controllers are first examined by the study. SMC is renowned for its robustness against system uncertainties and disturbances. The operation of this controller in two phases, the reaching phase and the sliding phase, is studied, ensuring that stability is maintained and the desired output is followed even under challenging conditions. On the other hand, the use of a three-component strategy—proportional, integral, and derivative by PID controllers, which are traditionally favored in industrial applications, is analyzed. These controllers are found to often suffer from performance degradation when subjected to uncertainties and parameter variations. The construction and assessment of a sliding mode controller that can be robust against these challenges is aimed for by the study. This construction is benchmarked against a well-tuned PID controller, traditionally considered the choice in industrial applications. Designing, modeling, and tuning of both controllers to specific performance criteria are then undertaken. Subsequently, an evaluation of the controllers based on a series of performance indices that include stability, robustness, dynamic responsiveness, tracking precision, and disturbance rejection capacity is performed by the study. Support for the theoretical evaluations is provided by mathematical proofs and simulation models, establishing the grounds for experimental validation. The strengths and weaknesses of both SMC and PID controllers is achieved by the results. Superior robustness and disturbance rejection are demonstrated by SMC but complexities in design and tuning may be involved. PID controllers, although easier to implement, are shown to have limitations in effectively handling uncertainties and parameter variations.
Design of power generation system using speed breakers
The challenge of meeting the ever-increasing global demand for energy in an environmentally responsible manner is being faced by society today. The extensive consumption of energy has led to a crisis of power in recent years, making the need for optimal utilization of conventional energy sources critical. In this study, a focus is placed on the harnessing of kinetic energy dissipated when vehicles pass over speed brakes. It is demonstrated that a significant amount of electrical power can be generated and stored using a mechanical system. In the proposed system, a double-sided rack and pinion mechanism, an AC generator, and an AC-DC converter are utilized. The conversion of reciprocating motion into rotary motion is achieved through the rack and pinion mechanism. The force that a vehicle applies as it passes over the speed brake causes a downward movement of the rack, which causes the rotor of the AC generator to rotate. As a consequence, an AC voltage is generated and stored in a battery through a controlled AC-DC converter. Several advantages are offered by this system. Firstly, a potential for power generation in high-traffic urban areas is provided. The scalability of this system to numerous speed bumps and traffic-calming features in most cities suggests that a significant amount of energy could be captured. Secondly, an enhancement in energy efficiency and environmental sustainability is promoted by repurposing otherwise wasted kinetic energy. Thirdly, a practical application is realized by using the stored energy to power streetlights during nighttime, thereby reducing the load on conventional power systems. Technical challenges associated with the design, durability, and maintenance of the system are also addressed in this study. Specifications for design, materials used, and technical requirements are outlined to mitigate the constant mechanical stress inflicted by passing vehicles. Data are presented to estimate the potential amount of energy that could be captured, based on variables such as traffic flow, vehicle weight, and speed. Benefits in terms of carbon footprint reduction are also elucidated. In summary, the feasibility and benefits of harnessing otherwise wasted kinetic energy from passing vehicles for electrical power generation are demonstrated by this study. An alternative means of power generation is provided, and a step towards a more sustainable future is represented by this research. A contribution to the broader goals of energy optimization and environmental sustainability is made by transforming an ordinary traffic-calming feature into a source of renewable energy. The alignment of this system with sustainability goals showcases the potential for innovative energy solutions. The urgency of the current energy crisis and the threat of climate change make the practical applications of such an approach particularly monumental. A paradigm shift in how energy is perceived and utilized in daily life could potentially be driven by the findings of this study.
Modeling of custom power devices
ABSTRACTPhD THESISMODELING OF CUSTOM POWER DEVICESK. Ça atay BAYINDIRDEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERINGINSTITUTE OF NATURAL AND APPLIED SCIENCESUNIVERSITY OF ÇUKUROVASupervisor: Prof. Dr. Mehmet TÜMAYYear: June 2006, Pages: 207Jury: Prof. Dr. Süleyman GÜNGÖRProf. Dr. Mehmet TÜMAYAssoc. Prof. Dr. Tankut YALÇINÖZAsst. Prof. Dr. lyas EKERAsst. Prof. Dr. Ulus ÇEV KCustom Power is a concept, based on the application of power electronicsbased devices aimed at enhancing the reliability and quality of power in distributionnetworks. This thesis focuses on modeling and analysis of Custom Power Devices.The modeling approach adopted is graphical in nature, as opposed to mathematicalmodels embedded in code using a high-level computer language and all models arepresented clearly and in a detailed manner.Matlab/Simulink based models for the following Custom Power Devices arepresented: Shunt Active Power Filter, Static Transfer Switch (STS), Dynamic VoltageRestorer (DVR) and Unified Power Quality Conditioner (UPQC). The application offuzzy logic is recently growing in power electronic systems. The advantages of fuzzylogic controllers over conventional controllers are that they do not need an accuratemathematical model; they can work with imprecise inputs and can handle non-linearity. In this thesis fuzzy logic based voltage and current control methods aredeveloped for PWM inverters which form the power electronic heart of the newCustom Power Devices. Developed methods can also be utilized in other similarinverter control applications.Comprehensive results through case studies are presented to evaluate theperformance of each modeled device. In the case studies, characteristic values forpower system parameters are taken which are typical for industry.Keywords: Custom Power, Active Power Filter, STS, DVR, UPQC.II
Elektrik iç tesisat projelerinde kullanılan eş zamanlılık katsayısının yapay zekâ ile modellenmesi
Elektrik enerjisi teknolojik gelişmeler ışığında hayatımızın vazgeçilmez bir parçası haline gelmiştir. Dolayısı ile elektrik enerjisinin güvenli şekilde son kullanıcıya ulaşması günümüzde önem arz etmektedir. Elektrik enerjisi son kullanıcıya ulaşırken yapılan planlamalar ve tasarımlardaki amaç; minimum maliyet maksimum kalitede enerji dağıtımını sağlayarak tüketicilerin ihtiyaçlarını karşılamaktır. Bu tez çalışmasında alçak gerilim tesislerindeki tüketicilerin elektrik enerjisi tüketimleri, Elektrik İç Tesisler Yönetmeliği çerçevesinde ele alınmıştır. Elektrik İç Tesisler Yönetmeliği'ndeki eş zamanlılık katsayılarının kurulu güç, hesaplanan talep güç ve gerçekleşen talep güç değerleri incelenmiştir. Bu inceleme işleminde Çankırı ilindeki; 2709 binanın elektrik iç tesisat projesindeki kurulu güçleri, hesaplanan talep güçleri ve gerçekleşen talep güçleri incelenmiştir. İnceleme işlemi gerçekleştirilen veri seti; iki katmanlı, geri beslemeli ve sigmoud aktivasyon fonksiyonu yapay sinir ağı yöntemi kullanılarak değerlendirilmiştir. Ayrıca bu değerlendirme neticesinde Elektrik İç Tesisler Yönetmeliği'nde belirtilen eş zamanlılık katsayıları ile hesaplanan talep güçlerin gerçek güçler ile farkı ve sayaçlardan alınan demand verileri ve proje verilerinin yapay sinir ağı yöntemi ile gerçeğe en yakın tahminleme yapılması amaçlanmıştır. Bu çalışmada Elektrik İç Tesisler Yönetmeliği'nde belirtilen katsayılara göre daha etkin ve sürekli veriler ile beslendiğinde öğrenen bir yapay sinir ağı modeli geliştirilmiştir.
A new orthogonal scaling-wavelet function pair based on excitatory postsynaptic potential function
ABSTRACTMSc THESISA NEW ORTHOGONAL SCALING-WAVELET FUNCTION PAIRBASED ON EXCITATORY POSTSYNAPTIC POTENTIAL FUNCTIONMehmet KANALDEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERINGINSTITUTE OF NATURAL AND APPLIED SCIENCESUNIVERSITY OF ÇUKUROVASupervisor Assist. Prof. Dr. Sami ARICAYear 2006, Pages 72Jury Assist. Prof. Dr. Sami ARICAProf. Dr. Mehmet TÜMAYAssist. Prof. Dr. Turgay İBRİKÇİBrain is the most complex organ of human body. There are many unknownsabout brain. Electroencephalography (EEG) is a technique for measuring theelectrical activity of the brain that is caused by the current generated within neurons.An EEG signal can be considered as a series of excitatory and inhibitory postsynapticpotentials (EPSP?s and IPSP?s). This expansion is not orthogonal since the synthesisbasis functions (EPSP?s and IPSP?s) are not orthogonal. The aim of this study is togenerate a new orthogonal wavelet from EPSP.Key Words: Electroencephalography, EPSP, Multiresolution Analysis, WaveletTransformII
Computer controlled salt preparing for dyeing process in textile sector
ABSTRACTMSc THESISCOMPUTER CONTROLLED SALT PREPARING FOR DYEING PROCESSIN TEXTILE SECTORÖmer Barış ÖZLÜOYMAKDEPARTMANT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERINGINSTITUTE OF NATURAL AND APPLIED SCIENCESUNIVERSITY OF ÇUKUROVASupervisor : Assist. Prof. Dr. Murat AKSOYYear : 2006, Page: 77Jury : Assist. Prof. Dr. Murat AKSOY: Prof. Dr. Süleyman GÜNGÖR: Prof. Dr. Osman SER NDAĞSalt at the textile factories is used for two aims. The first, at the reactive anddirect dyeing of cotton and viscon fibre, and the other one, it is used for cleaningresin in water soften units to obtain soft water. While using refined salt for reactivedyeing process, rock salt or washed salt can be used at the water soften units.Cost of the refined salt is 1,5 multiple as the rock salt. According to capacityof the factory, consumption of refined salt can be 40-50 tons per month. Also, it canbe seemed that the difference of cost is important. By using rock salt, both the cost ofsalt will decrease at the beginning and the salt solution with continuously fixedproperty (hardness, pH) can be added to the dyeing process automatically.Through building the system, it will obtain economy from work capacity,nevertheless obtained pure salt solution will use not only for painting, but also at theresin regeneration, which is used in water soften systems at factories. Consequently,it is anticipated lengthen the lifetime of resin. In addition that, it will provide energysaving for textile factories.In this thesis, instead of using refined salt for dyeing process, which is veryimportant for the cost, it was realized the using of rock salt by computer controlledautomation system and experimental results were given depend on the running timefor being hardness of the solution between 0 and 2 Fr.Keywords: LabVIEW, Rock Salt, Automation, Textile, Painting.
Preshaping control for dexterous manipulation with a multifingered robot hand
ABSTRACTPh.D THESISPRESHAPING CONTROL FOR DEXTEROUS MANIPULATIONWITH A MULTIFINGERED ROBOT HANDCabbar Veysel BAYSALUNIVERSITY OF ÇUKUROVAINSTITUTE OF NATURAL AND APPLIED SCIENCESDEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERINGSupervisor: Prof. Dr. Süleyman GÜNGÖRCo-Supervisor: Prof. Dr. Aydan ERKMENYear:2006, Pages: 162Jury : Prof. Dr. Süleyman GÜNGÖRAssoc. Prof. Dr. Mehmet TÜMAYAssist. Prof. Dr. Hüseyin CANBOLATAssist. Prof. Dr. Ulus ÇEVİKAssist. Prof. Dr. Turgay İBRİKÇİIn a dextrous manipulation, one of the major problems that remains to be solved isthe determination of an appropriate preshape for grasping a given object, under amanipulation task. In order to have a successful grasp execution, the system should have asuccessful grasp preparation at the preshaping phase. Grasp Performance Measure analysesare important for grasping with a robot hand as well as for the preshape.In our work, we design and implement an ?Intelligent Control System? for precisiongrasping beginning from hand preshaping , synthesizing from object properties,manipulation task characteristics, kinematic analysis and evaluation of contact wrenchpatterns via approximate reasoning with learning abilities , which is finally demonstrated inan antropomorphic robot hand simulation.Keywords: Dextrous Manipulation, Robot Hand, Grasp Synthesis,Grasp Preshaping,Preshaping Controller.I
Symbolic analysis of analog integrated circuits in matlab
ABSTRACTMSc THESISSYMBOLIC ANALYSIS OF ANALOG INTEGRATED CIRCUITS INMATLABAhu AKÇAMDEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL ANDELECTRONICS ENGINEERINGINSTITUTE OF NATURAL AND APPLIED SCIENCESUNIVERSITY OF ÇUKUROVASupervisor :Asst.Prof.Dr. Murat AKSOYYear :2006, Pages : 75:Assoc. Prof.Dr. Turgut İKİZJuryAsst.Prof.Dr. Murat AKSOYAsst.Prof.Dr. Mehmet KARAKILÇIKIn this thesis, Symbolic Analysis of Analog Integrated Circuits has beenexamined circuit analysis and presented systematic methods for solving linearly.The MATLAB / GUI models of analog circuits have been constituted andtransfer function of these circuit models have been obtained.Keywords : Symbolic Analysis, Matlab , Integrated CircuitII
X-band microwave transmission through waveguide with variable lateral periodic profile
ABSTRACTMSc. THESISX-BAND MICROWAVE TRANSMISSION THROUGH WAVEGUIDEWITH VARIABLE LATERAL PERIODIC PROFILEAli Neşet KÜÇÜKALTUNDEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERINGINSTITUTE OF NATURAL AND APPLIED SCIENCESUNIVERSITY OF ÇUKUROVASupervisor: Prof. Dr. Victor POGREBNYAKYear: 2006, Page: 65Jury: Prof Dr. Victor POGREBNYAKProf. Dr. Hamide KAVAKAsst. Prof. Dr. Sami ARICAAnalysis of electromagnetic wave propagation in periodic structures is ofconsiderable interest due to their extensive use in many fields of electrical andoptical engineering such as microwaves, antennas and radars, communications,optoelectronics, photonic crystals, fiber grating sensors.The propagation of microwaves through different types of hollow metallicwaveguides has been investigated. The aim of the thesis is to find a shape of wallsthat can stop transmission of electromagnetic radiation through the hollow metallicwaveguide without closing its cross-section. For this purpose planar and rectangularwaveguides with variable lateral periodic profile manufactured and setup fortransmission measurements had assembled.It was shown that microwave transmission depends on the relative position oftwo periodically corrugated plates. The transmission varies from zero to a maximumvalue upon shifting one periodic plate with respect to another on the half period ofthe corrugation. The results confirm the theoretical prediction of the geometry-drivenspectrum transformation from the band structure spectrum to a gapless one uponsuch a shift of one of the plates.Keywords: Planar waveguide, electromagnetic wave, periodicity, Bragg reflection.I
The FDTD solution of plane wave scattering problem from an infinite length nonhomogeneous cylinder
ABSTRACTMSc THESISTHE FDTD SOLUTION OF PLANE WAVE SCATTERING PROBLEMFROM AN INFINITE LENGTH NONHOMOGENEOUS CYLINDERDuygu ÇAKIRDEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERINGINSTITUTE OF NATURAL AND APPLIED SCIENCESUNIVERSITY OF ÇUKUROVASupervisor : Assoc. Prof. Dr. Turgut İKİZRICLLA: Year 2006, Pages 66: Assoc. Prof. Dr.Doç. Dr. Turgut İKİZJuryProf. Dr. Victor PROGREBNYAKAsst. Prof. Dr. Faruk KARADAĞScattering problem from a cylinder is a canonical problem. Scattering fromthe canonical structures can be used for the modeling of scattering from much morecomplex geometries. In this work, an infinite length inhomogeneous cylinder isselected as the canonical structure and plane wave is assumed as the source. Thesolution of the problem was accomplished by using a numerical method called FiniteDifference Time Domain (FDTD). After evaluating the scattered field in the spacewhich is designated for the selected cylindrical structure, the perfect matched layer(PML) boundary condition was used for obtaining the field expressions outside thisspace.Key Words: FDTD, Numeric, Cylinder, ScatteringIPDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com
Solution of the scattering of plane wave from an inhomogeneous sphere with fdtd method
ABSTRACTMSc THESISSOLUTION OF THE SCATTERING OF PLANE WAVE FROM ANINHOMOGENEOUS SPHERE WITH FDTD METHODHasan YAVUNCUDEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERINGINSTITUTE OF NATURAL AND APPLIED SCIENCESUNIVERSITY OF CUKUROVASupervisor : Assoc. Prof. Dr. Turgut İKİZRICLLA: Year 2006, Pages 64: Assoc. Prof. Dr.Doç. Dr. Turgut İKİZJuryProf. Dr. Victor PROGREBNYAKAsst. Prof. Dr. Faruk KARADAĞIt is necessary to investigate the scattering of electromagnetic waves fromvarious geometries and the effects of these geometries to scattering and radiation foranalysis and synthesis of the electromagnetic scatterers and sources. In this study,scattering from an inhomogeneous canonical structure is investigated. Scatteringfrom a spherical structure is a canonical problem. Finite difference time domain(FDTD) will be used as the numerical method for the solution of the problem. Thescattered field from the sphere will be determined in the specified space and after forobtaining the field expressions outside this space perfectly matched layer (PML) willbe used for the boundary condition.Key Words: FDTD, Numeric, Sphere, ScatteringI
Bilgisayar kontrollü robot araç
ABSTRACTMSc THESISCOMPUTER CONTROLLED ROBOT CARŞeyh Şamil ASLANDEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERINGINSTITUTE OF NATURAL AND APPLIED SCIENCESUNIVERSITY OF CUKUROVA: Asst. Prof. Dr. Turgay İBRİKÇİSupervisorYear : 2006 Pages: 93: Asst. Prof. Dr. Turgay İBRİKÇİJuryProf. Dr. Süleyman GÜNGÖRAsst. Prof. Dr. Murat AKSOYUsage of microcontroller has been grown up extremely in electronics andcomputer fields. Nowadays microcontroller based wireless control applications arebegun to use in many applications. It is so important to control a system from centralpoint, to prevent wasting time, a place where dangerous for human, a place where isnot reachable, a place where it is so hard to work. The main aim of this study is bothto control a remote device by establishing a serial communication betweenmicrocontroller and computer wirelessly and to get image and temperature datarelated to location where device is.A model car has been chosen as a device (Robot) to be controlled. Threemotors have been selected on robot car for forward-reverse motion, change direction(left-right) and 360° rotation of camera mounted on the top of the robot car. Controlcard on the robot car manages the related motors in accordance with signal comingfrom the computer and IR sensor. DC motor selected for forward-reverse motion ofrobot car can work in two directions and four different speeds. The differentsequential speeds are executed by PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) signal. If therobot car face with an obstacle, it has an ability to stop without crashing to thatobstacle. In addition to this, when the robot car enters into a dark area such as tunnel,far lamps are switched on. A couple of RF modem module has been used in order toprovide wireless communication between computer and robot car. A user interfacehas been established on computer to send commands to robot and images receivedfrom wireless camera can be viewed on the computer screen simultaneouslyKeywords: Robot Car, Microcontroller, Control card, RF Modem, User InterfaceI
Developing a software to determine the microcontroller specifications for fuzzy logic control applications
In recent years, the Fuzzy Logic Control Systems (FLCSs) have becomewidespread and their application areas have also extended. There are numeroussoftwares developed to use in design of Fuzzy Logic Control Systems. Some of themare given in previous works section.In this study, a Windows operating system based, user-friendly software todetermine the optimum microcontroller specifications for Fuzzy Logic Controlapplications is developed. With this software the optimum microcontroller might bechosen. Regarding to performance and cost effectiveness, the best solutions mightalso be provided. Besides, the microcontroller selection criteria is defined andformulated after studying various applications in different fields. According to this,an algorithm, which forms the fundamentals of the software, is composed. Thesoftware, which is developed by ?Microsoft Visual Basic? visual programminglanguage, computes the minimum performance and capacity values for the intendedapplication by using the parameters, which are defined by the user and display theoptimum microcontroller specifications.Keywords: Fuzzy Systems, Fuzzy Logic Controllers, Microcontroller for FuzzyLogic Control, Software for Fuzzy Logic Control Systems, Microsoft Visual Basic
Sayısal haberleşme sistemlerinde kullanılan modülasyon tekniklerinin MATLAB ve FPGA kullanılarak gerçekleştirilmesi ve zedboard'a aktarılması
Bu araştırmanın amacı 5G ortamında sayısal modülasyon tekniklerinden PSK (Faz Kaydırmalı Anahtarlama), QPSK (Dört Evreli Faz Kaydırmalı Anahtarlama) ve OFDM (Dik Frekans Bölmeli Çoğullama) Modülünün MATLAB HDL Coder yardımıyla gerçekleştirmek ve Zynq-7000 Zedboard'ına aktararak gerçek ortamda haberleşme projelerine destek vermektir. Projenin ilk aşamasında MATLAB ta PSK sembolleri oluşturulup bir M-ary seviye sinyal ile QPSK sembolleri oluşturulmuştur. Ardından HDL kod üreteci kullanılarak oluşturulanlar VHDL e çevrilmiştir. Son olarak oluşturulan bit dosyası FPGA kartına yüklenmiş ve doğrulaması yapılmıştır. Projenin son kısımlarında QPSK modülasyonundan OFDM Modülüne geçiş yapılmıştır. OFDM'in 5G'deki kullanımı göz önüne alındığında, projenin yerli üretim ve araştırma potansiyeline önemli katkılar yapacağı düşünülmektedir. Öte yandan hazırlanan düzeneğin yeni nesil şebekelerde kullanılacak modülasyon türlerini de araştırmak için iyi bir ortam sağlayacağı öngörülmektedir.
Diffraction of plane electromagnetic waves by a chiral half-plane-wiener-hopf solution
ABSTRACTMSc THESISDIFFRACTION OF PLANE ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES BY A CHIRALHALF-PLANE-WIENER-HOPF SOLUTIONAdem BİLGİLİDEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERINGINSTITUTE OF NATURAL AND APPLIED SCIENCESUNIVERSITY OF ÇUKUROVASupervisor : Prof. Dr. A. Hamit SERBESTYear: 2006 Pages: 23Jury : Prof. Dr. A. Hamit SERBESTAssoc. Prof. Dr. Turgut İKİZAsst. Prof. Dr. Sami ARICAIn this thesis, the diffraction of plane electromagnetic waves from a chiralhalf-plane simulated by the surface coupled boundary conditions is investigated. Thisproblem was considered by M. A. Lyalinov, A. H. Serbest and T. İkiz and thesolution was obtained by Maliuzhinetz method. Here, the corresponding boundary-value problem was reduced to a Wiener-Hopf equation by using Fourier transformtechnique. By certain transformations, the Wiener-Hopf equation of scalar type wasobtained and the factorization of the Wiener-Hopf kernel is made by using theMaliuzhinetz function. The diffraction coefficient was obtained by the steepestdescent method and numerical solutions were obtained for certain values of someparameters.Keywords: Chiral Half-Plane, Wiener-Hopf Method, Maliuzhinetz Function, FourierTransform Technique, The Steepest Descent Method.II
Real time monitoring of electrocardiography and blood volume using rtai on linux
In this study, Real Time reading and monitoring of Electrocardiography (ECG) and Blood Pressure (BP) have been implemented with the Real Time Application Interface (RTAI) on Linux operating system. The Real Time Application Interface supported by linux is used to provide real time concept. The installation and running of RTAI are also explained. The ECG and BP signals have been applied to instrumentation amplifiers and filters to clear and to amplify the signal. This clear signal is acquired by an Advantech data acquisition card which has 12 bit resolution at 1000 Hz. Software has been developed for analyzing signals. The changes of systolic and diastolic pressure and the R points interval of ECG have been observed. The baroreceptor sensitivity (BRS) has been calculated. The RTAI functions and C programming language have been used in the software. Keywords: Linux, Real Time Application Interface, Electrocardiogram, Blood Pressure, Data Acquisition
Derin öğrenme yöntemleri kullanarak kelebek türlerinin birbirlerinden ayırt edilmesi
Bir kelebeğin hangi türe ait olduğunun bilinmesi büyük önem arz etmektedir. Kelebekler çiçeklerde tozlaşmayı sağlayarak bitki türlerinin nesillerini devam ettirmelerinde rol oynarlar. Ayrıca doğal yaşam araştırmalarına da sıklıkla konu olmaktadırlar. Bir kelebeğin hangi türe ait olduğunun bilinmesi insanları, hayvanları ve bitkileri bu kelebek türünün nasıl etkileyeceği hakkında ipuçları verir. Fakat kelebeklerin hangi türe ait olduğunun tespit edilmesi pek kolay olmamaktadır. Çoğu zaman tespit edilebilmeleri uzmanlık gerektirmektedir. Bu yüzden, kelebek türlerinin ayırt edilebilmesi için derin öğrenme alanında çalışmalar yapılmıştır. Daha iyi sonuçlar alınabilmesi amacıyla farklı yöntemler önerilmiş ve iyileştirmeler yapılmıştır. Bu tezde ise önceden eğitilmiş derin öğrenme modelleri kullanılmıştır. Modeller düzenlenen veri seti üzerinde eğitilmiş ve çıkan sonuçlar doğrultusunda en başarılı model esas alınarak yeni bir model önerisi yapılmıştır.
Development of a multi-axis closed-loop solar radiation tracking system by the fuzzy logic
This thesis research aims to optimize the utilization of solar radiation by employing solar cells and addressing any potential barriers that may impede the efficiency of power generation. Hence, it was imperative to consider the planning, design, and implementation of an intelligent system capable of fulfilling this requirement. Consequently, we opted for an external structure that aligns with the concept of a smart tracking system, eliminating the need to determine the azimuth angle. Instead, the focus is on ensuring the system remains perpendicular to the source of solar radiation. The external structure was designed with two interconnected components to enable a 360° horizontal movement and a 180° vertical movement, ensuring optimal tracking and precise outcomes. This design incorporates two motors (DC and servo) and utilizes eight LDR sensors to effectively overcome obstacles, including partial shading, and maintain accurate tracking even if one of the sensors malfunctions. These sensors operate based on a unique mathematical and programming algorithm. An optimal control device for managing these motors and sensors is the Arduino, which utilizes the fuzzy logic algorithm and is known for its precision in handling relative values and components. The fuzzy logic controller will be responsible for controlling and directing all elements of the system and determining the time to move the panels so that they face direct sunlight. The fuzzy logic algorithm, consisting of 524 lines of programming, incorporates comprehensive instructions, inputs, and control mechanisms to achieve precise and optimal outcomes while effectively addressing challenges such as partial shade and the malfunction of an LDR sensor. Data was collected by using a recording unit (SD card) and storing it on a memory card, which may be accessed at any time, to ii verify the system's efficiency and identify weak points. The practical results showed that the use of 8 LDR sensors enabled us to overcome all the obstacles facing the system, in addition, to accurately aligning the solar radiation source and choosing the best angles to reach the desired target. Moreover, the utilization of both DC and servo motors played a crucial role in surmounting the primary obstacles encountered in this study. Specifically, it facilitated the identification of the optimal angle that is perpendicular to the radiation source, eliminating the necessity for the azimuth angle and the most favorable starting angle. This system can be categorized as a fusion of the advantages of conventional tracking systems and the integration of artificial intelligence into the tracking process in this research.