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Competitive strategies of virtual organizations; An analysis on book stores in Turkey
Nowadays we are experiencing a new industrial revolution, virtuality. This new era has a difference from previous ones. It affects all spheres of life from buying habits to production. Boundaries among markets, workers, clients and even spaces are blurring. It is surely beyond doubt that traditional management system gets its share on this evolution process. Now companies must be more flexible in order to cope up with all these changes. At this stage, the most sensible thing to do is organizing virtually. In this research, we focused on competitive strategies of online booksellers in Turkey. We found that, booksellers in virtual space are different than those physical stores. They fit new trends in the market and are able to respond changes faster than physical stores. In addition to that reasonable prices, product variety, time saving and accessibility are other strategic advantages of virtual organizations.
Amerika Birleşik Devletleri ve Türkiye Cumhuriyeti polis teşkilatları karşılaştırması
Devletler öteden beri kıyaslama (benchmarking) kavramı üzerinde durmuşlarve kurumları itibariyle kendileri ile aynı işi yapan diğer ülkelerin kurum yadakuruluşları ile kendilerini kıyaslama yoluna gitmişlerdir. Bu sayede yaptıkları işleridaha verimli ve etkili hale getirme yolları aramışlar, kendilerine benzer ama farklıvizyondaki kurumlardan fikir alışverişini benimsemişlerdir. Bu bağlamda,Cumhuriyetin ilk yıllarından beri Türk kamu kurumlarının modernizesinde gelişmişülke modellerinin örnek alınmasının reform çalışmalarında önemli bir yere sahipoldugu görülmektedir. Bu nedenle, günümüzde dünyanın `süper gücü' olarak kabuledilen ABD'nin sahip olduğu güvenlik teşkilatlarının coğrafi olarak çok büyük birülkede nasıl etkili ve verimli çalıştığını personel ve kamu yönetimi perspektifindenkeşfetmenin Türk Polis Teşkilatı açısından önemli olduğu düşünülmüştür.Araştırma Amerika Birleşik Devletlerinin Texas eyaletinde yapılmıştır.Araştırma, ABD'de federal bir kolluk örgütü olan Federal Soruşturma Bürosunun (FBIDallas l Müdürlüğü) ve North Richland Hills (yer yer Denton şehri polis müdürlüğü)şehri polis müdürlüğünün ve Türk Polis Teşkilatının; örgüt yapıları, yönetimsistemleri, personel alımları, personel eğitimleri, terfi sistemleri, personel performansdeğerlendirmeleri, çalışma şartları ve sosyal haklarının incelenmesi, keşfedilmesi vekarşılaştırılması şeklindedir. 2006 yılı itibariyle bu başlıklardaki mevcut uygulamalarve uygulamadaki mevcut mevzuat ve hükümleri ele alınarak mevcut durumun resmiçekilmiştir.Belirtilen bu araştırma konuları, Türk Polis Teşkilatı'nda var olduğu kabuledilen veya problemin tanımlanması ile ilgili olarak yapılan literatür taramasındakarşılaşılan sorunların ortadan kaldırılarak verimliliğin arttırılmasına yönelikçalışmalara destek vereceği düşünüldüğünden dolayı seçilmiştir. Sonuçta ortayaçıkan bulgulardan Türk Polis Teşkilatı'nda uygulanması faydalı olarakdeğerlendirilenler uygulamaya öneri olarak sunulmuştur. Katkının, Türk PolisTeşkilatı'nda kamu yönetimi sorunlarına bir nebze ışık tutarak ve çözüm üreterek,Türk polis örgütünde personelin verimlilik ve etkililiğini arttırmada kullanılmasıumulmaktadır.
Yerel özerklik açısından belediye personelinin yönetimi (Ankara belediyeleri araştırması)
Yerel özerklik; Yerel yönetimlerin, kendi görev alanları içinde yetkilerini, merkezi yada bölgesel yönetimlerin, yada onların ajanlarının herhangi bir müdahalesi olmaksızın kullanabilmeleri ve bu amaçla serbestçe karar alıp uygulayabilmeleri durumudur. Kamu Personel Yönetimi; Kamu kurum ve kuruluşu içinde çalışacak olan personelin işe alınmasından, örgütten ayrılmasına kadar geçen süre içinde o personel ile ilgili her türlü işlemlerin yapılmasıdır. İl özel idaresinin başında merkezi idarenin atadığı valinin bulunması ve valinin havale etmediği evrakın il genel meclisinde görüşülememesi, köy tüzel kişiliğinin işlevinin yok denecek durumda olması, yerel özerklik açısından belediyeler tek mahalli idare birimi olarak algılanmaktadır. Beldeye hizmet kaliteli yönetici ve personel ile sağlanacaktır. Araştırmanın evrenini, Ankara Büyükşehir Belediyesi, Keçiören Belediyesi, Kızılcahamam Belediyesi ve Pursaklar Belediyesinde görev yapan belediye başkanı, personel müdürü ve personel (memur, sözleşmeli personel, işçi) oluşturmaktadır. Araştırmada bilgi toplama aracı olarak kullanılan anket verilerinde, yüzde (%) ve grafik dağılımı gibi istatistiksel teknikler kullanılarak bütün sorular için yüzde dağılımları yapılmıştır. Araştırma yapılan belediyelerde; Merkezi idarenin vesayet yetkisinin belediyelerdeki hizmetlerin yürütülmesini olumsuz yönde etkilediği, vesayet yetkisinin siyasi kullanıldığı, ilk defa memur/işçi alımında merkezi sınav yapılması hizmetleri olumsuz yönde etkilediği, yolsuzlukların artmasına sebep olduğu, hizmet öncesi ve hizmetiçi eğitimin yetersiz olduğu, merkezi idare tarafından yapılan sınav sonuçlarına göre personelin bir üst göreve atanması belediyelerde disiplin ve kariyeri olumsuz yönde etkilediği tespit edilmiştir. Belediyelerde daha iyi hizmetin sağlanabilmesi, merkezi idare ile yerel yönetimlerin görev, yetki ve sorumlulukların belirlenmesi, ayrı bir Yerel Yönetim Bakanlığı kurulması, vesayet denetimi yerine performans ve hukuk denetimi yapılması ve yerel özerkliğin arttırılması, hizmet öncesi ve hizmetiçi eğitime önem verilmesi halinde mümkündür.
Cultural integration in international entrepreneurship: How foreign food businesses localize in Türkiye
This study explores the dynamics of cultural integration in international entrepreneurship, focusing on how foreign-owned food businesses adapt to Türkiye's unique cultural and regulatory landscape. Through qualitative research involving fifteen semi-structured interviews with foreign restaurateurs, the findings highlight the importance of aligning traditional cuisines with Turkish consumer preferences, navigating bureaucratic challenges, and fostering community connections. Entrepreneurs who successfully localized their operations demonstrated a blend of cultural sensitivity, legal adaptability, and strategic networking. The research underscores that cultural integration is not merely a survival strategy but a pathway to thriving in Türkiye's vibrant and diverse market. By examining the interplay between cultural adaptation, regulatory compliance, and community engagement, this study provides valuable insights into the success factors for international food businesses in Türkiye.
Borsa İstanbul'da bilgiye dayalı alım ve satımlar
This thesis investigates how information asymmetry affects asset prices in Borsa İstanbul. In the first chapter, we introduce the R package InfoTrad that estimates the probability of informed trading. Next, we examine the relationship between information asymmetry and stock returns in Borsa İstanbul. Firm-level cross-sectional regressions indicate an economically insignificant relationship between PIN and future returns. Moreover, univariate and multivariate portfolio analyses show that portfolios of stocks with high levels of informed trading do not realize significant return premiums. Consequently, our results, suggest that information asymmetry is a firm-specific risk and it can be eliminated with portfolio diversification. Finally, we compare the informational (dis)advantage of foreign investors trading in Borsa İstanbul. We first show that an average foreign trade creates buy pressure whereas an average local trade generates a sell pressure. The permanent impact foreign investors over and above local investors is significant only for 24 stocks which correspond to 7% of our sample. Importantly, we show that foreign price impact occurs primarily in a period of political instability which started with the Gezi Park protests in June 2013. In a panel setting, we also show that adverse selection cost due to foreign trading significantly increases even when we control for firm-specific factors along with global and local macroeconomic conditions. Domestic investors with undiversified portfolios may be more risk-averse during periods of increased turmoil. This may enable foreign investors to have a better position to take advantage of potential price misalignments, especially for stocks of commercial banks.
Türk ordusu askere alma sisteminin değerlendirilmesi ve askere alma sisteminin optimizasyonu için bir model önerisi
This study evaluates the Turkish Army recruitment system by measuring thetotal deviations of personnel inventories from the target value of inventory level.The target inventory level is the average of projected available human source inthe next 19 years. In our study we offer a model that minimizes the deviationsfrom the targeted inventory level of soldiers. The study also computes the zerovalue of total number of deviations for different service time durations in themilitary with applying different ages for the people of same birth year at the timeof recruitment. The results of the study indicate that even without the flexibilityof applying different ages, the model always achieves better results than thecurrent recruitment system.Keywords: Recruitment, Goal programmingi
Deterministik ve gürbüz kesikli zaman/maliyet ödünleşim problemleri için modeller ve algoritmalar
Projects are subject to various sources of uncertainties that often negatively impact activity durations and costs. Therefore, it is of crucial importance to develop effective approaches to generate robust project schedules that are less vulnerable to disruptions caused by uncontrollable factors. This dissertation concentrates on robust scheduling in project environments; specifically, we address the discrete time/cost trade-off problem (DTCTP).Firstly, Benders Decomposition based exact algorithms to solve the deadline and the budget versions of the deterministic DTCTP of realistic sizes are proposed. We have included several features to accelerate the convergence and solve large instances to optimality. Secondly, we incorporate uncertainty in activity costs. We formulate robust DTCTP using three alternative models. We develop exact and heuristic algorithms to solve the robust models in which uncertainty is modeled via interval costs. The main contribution is the incorporation of uncertainty into a practically relevant project scheduling problem and developing problem specific solution approaches. To the best of our knowledge, this research is the first application of robust optimization to DTCTP.Finally, we introduce some surrogate measures that aim at providing an accurate estimate of the schedule robustness. The pertinence of proposed measures is assessed through computational experiments. Using the insight revealed by the computational study, we propose a two-stage robust scheduling algorithm. Furthermore, we provide evidence that the proposed approach can be extended to solve a scheduling problem with tardiness penalties and earliness rewards.
Gelişmekte olan menkul kıymet borsalarında finansal liberalizasyon, yabancı hisse senedi yatırımı ve volatilite
In this thesis, the effects of financial liberalization and foreign equity investment on the return volatility of stocks in emerging stock exchanges are investigated. At the aggregate level analyses, it is shown that the degree of financial liberalization has an increasing impact on the aggregated total volatility of stocks. The analysis of the components of the aggregated total volatility indicates that that the degree of financial liberalization impacts the aggregated total volatility through aggregated idiosyncratic and local volatility. In the second part of the aggregate level analyses, the effect of foreign equity investment on the return volatility of stocks is investigated by using foreign equity flow data which is available for İstanbul Stock Exchange. It is found that foreign equity inflow and outflow have asymmetric effects on average stock-return volatility. While an inflow has a decreasing impact on aggregated stock return volatility, an outflow has an increasing impact. At the firm level analysis, the time-series variation in return volatility of stocks that are cross-listed on US exchanges is examined. Unlike previous studies in cross-listing literature, return volatility is analyzed using conditional heteroscedasticity models. It?s found that firms? exposure to risks such as local and global market betas remain unchanged after cross-listing. Moreover, no change in the dynamics of the volatility of cross-listed stocks is detected. Furthermore, it?s shown that the mean level of conditional variance is not affected by the decision to cross-list. Thus, it is concluded that share holders of cross-listed stocks are not subject to adverse volatility effects.
Finansal refahın tahminlenmesinde kestirimci unsur olarak büyük beşli kişilk özelliklerinin kullanılması: Büyük veri yaklaşımı
Research has posited credit card transactions as highly probable to be grounded on the personality of the card holder. In this research, we investigate whether the big five personality traits of customers derived from credit card transactions predict their financial wellbeing. Our approach uses real data from a private Turkish bank, which contain both the demographic and financial records of 10,172 consumers located in Istanbul with 911,280 transactions. We filter purchasing categories related to the big five personality traits from Matz, Gladstone, and Stillwell's study (2016). First, we link spending categories to the big five personality traits by considering Matz et al.'s study (2016). Then we calculate the big five factor scores of customers by monthly aggregating the individual big five scores of their transactions. Next, we investigate the relationship between the monthly big five personality scores and payment behavior of their credit card statements. In our main model, we estimated customers' on-time payment behavior of the full amount due 8.8 % better than a random prediction (with 54.4 % AUROC value) by using their monthly big five personality scores and yearly and six-month based trends as independent variables.
Müzik duygusu tanıma: Çok-modlu makine öğrenmesi yaklaşımı
Music emotion recognition (MER) is an emerging domain of the Music Information Retrieval (MIR) scientific community, and besides, music searches through emotions are one of the major preferences utilized by web users. As the world goes to digital, the musical contents in online databases, such as Last.fm have expanded exponentially, which require substantial manual efforts for managing them and also keeping them updated. Therefore, the demand for advanced and flexible search mechanisms, which can be personalized according to the emotional state of users, has received increasing attention in recent years. This thesis concentrates on addressing music emotion recognition problem by presenting several classification models, which were fed by textual features, as well as audio attributes extracted from the music. In this study, we build both supervised and semi-supervised classification designs under four research experiments, that addresses the emotional role of audio features, such as tempo, acousticness, and energy, and also the impact of textual features extracted by two different approaches, which are TF-IDF and Word2Vec. Furthermore, we proposed a multi-modal approach by using a combined feature-set consisting of the features from the audio content, as well as from context-aware data. For this purpose, we generated a ground truth dataset containing over 1500 labeled song lyrics and also unlabeled big data, which stands for more than 2.5 million Turkish documents, for achieving to generate an accurate automatic emotion classification system. The analytical models were conducted by adopting several algorithms on the cross-validated data by using Python. As a conclusion of the experiments, the best-attained performance was 44.2% when employing only audio features, whereas, with the usage of textual features, better performances were observed with 46.3% and 51.3% accuracy scores considering supervised and semi-supervised learning paradigms, respectively. As of last, even though we created a comprehensive feature set with the combination of audio and textual features, this approach did not display any significant improvement for classification performance.
Zengin araç rotalama: Bir lojistik firması için veri odaklı sezgisel uygulama
Changing online shopping behaviors have resulted in the emergence of different product and services that aim high customer satisfaction. In this thesis, we develop an alternative approach to solve problem of a logistics company, which operates solely for e-commerce transactions, using an Adaptive Large Neighborhood Search (ALNS) heuristic. To understand the nature of the distribution system and for the development of the solution procedure, we create, preprocess and analyze a dataset constructed from company's database that is used for daily operations. The proposed solution provides a prioritization mechanism for the deliveries based on certain specifications related to deliveries. To evaluate the performance of the proposed ALNS, we perform computational experiments using scenarios with real-life instances extracted from the dataset. Our results show that, the proposed ALNS can produce solutions with high quality regarding customer satisfaction.
Ürün ağlarında betimleyici ve ön görücü analitiklerin etkileşimi: Sam's club vakası
Due to the fact that there are massive amounts of available data all around the world, big data analytics has become an extremely important phenomenon in many disciplines. As the data grows, the need for businesses to achieve more reliable and accurate data-driven management decisions and to create value with big data applications grows as well. That is the reason why big data analytics become a primary tech priority today. In this thesis, initially we use a two-stage clustering algorithms in the customer segmentation setting. After the clustering stage, the customer lifetime value (CLV) of clusters are calculated based on the purchasing behaviors of the customers in order to reveal managerial insights and develop marketing strategies for each segment. At the second stage, we used HITS algorithm in product network analysis to achieve valuable insights from generated patterns, with the aim of discovering cross-selling effects, identifying recurring purchasing patterns, and trigger products within the networks. This is important for practitioners in real-life application in terms of emphasizing the relatively important transactions by ranking them with corresponding item sets. From practical point of view, we foresee that our proposed methodology is adaptable and applicable to other similar businesses throughout the world, providing a road map for the potential applications.
An analysis of derivative markets efficiency in emerging economies
In this study, Efficient Market Hypothesis in weak form is applied to futures markets in European Emerging Economies, by testing whether the price series of these markets contain unit root. The hypothesis that futures market price index follow a random walk tested for Greece, Hungary, Poland, Russia and Turkey, using the linear unit root tests (ADF and PP), linear panel unit root test, nonlinear unit root test developed by Kapetanios et al. (2003) and nonlinear panel unit root test developed by Ucar and Omay (2009). The data is monthly and it was collected from DataStream. There are 70 monthly observations for each market between the period of September 2005 and June 2011. The results of ADF and PP show that all futures markets are weak form efficient. Nonlinear unit root test results indicate that Polish and Turkish futures markets are not weak form efficient. The findings of the linear panel unit root test show that this group when considered as a whole, are efficient in the weak form while the findings of the nonlinear panel unit root test indicates that they are inefficient as a group.
İnsani gelişmişlik endeksinin sınıflandırma başarılarının karşılaştırılmasında karar ağacı yöntemlerinin kullanılması
Günümüzde bilişim alanındaki hızlı gelişmeler sonucunda yapılan her işlem bilgisayarlara kaydedilmektedir. Bu kaydedilen veriler dev veri tabanlarını oluşturmaktadır. Kurumlar için rekabet avantajı sağlayacak olan önemli bilgiler bu veri yığınları içerisinde kaybolmaktadır. Geleneksel istatistiksel yöntemler ile bu büyük boyuttaki verilerin çözümlenmesi mümkün olmadığı için alternatif olarak veri madenciliği ortaya çıkmıştır. Bu çalışmanın amacı UNDP (United Nations Development Programme)'nin her yıl yayınlamış olduğu İnsani gelişme raporunda bulunan ülkelerin gelişmişlik seviyelerini ortaya koyan İnsani gelişme endeksinin veri madenciliği tekniklerinden C5.0, CHAID ve C&RT algoritmaları kullanılarak sınıflandırılması ve sınıflandırma başarılarının karşılaştırılarak en iyi tekniğin seçilmesidir. Analiz sonucunda C5.0 algoritmasının diğer algoritmalara göre daha yüksek bir sınıflandırma başarısı sağladığı ortaya konulmuştur.
Examining the value of after-sales services through the lens of service-dominant logic: A Conservation-of-Resources-Theory interpretation
The current study investigates the customers' after-sales service (AS-S) experiences with a framework based on service-dominant logic that involves both value co-creation and co-destruction elements. The main constructs that are investigated as a means to comprehend customers' AS-S experiences are contemplated upon the conservation of resources theory. Accordingly, the study develops and proposes constructs of primary resource loss (i.e. losses of value-in-exchange, value-in-use, and value-context), resource conservation effort (i.e. process, mental, and legal/punitive efforts), secondary resource loss (time, self-esteem, consumer-rights, and material/financial losses), and finally secondary resource gain (convenience, support, self-esteem, and material/financial gains) that emerge in consumers' AS-S experiences. The purpose of this study is to understand how these constructs are related to each other and to the customers' service satisfaction in shaping their overall AS-S experiences. Two conceptual models are proposed with an intention to devote separate focus on co-creative after-sales service experiences that results in secondary consumer gains and on co-destructive after-sales service experiences that ends up with secondary consumer losses. The proposed models are empirically tested with data from 422 consumers in Turkey. The hypotheses are tested with the utilization of Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) in SPSS AMOS. The results indicate different paths that after-sales service specific secondary losses and secondary gains would follow which eventually leads to satisfaction (for co-creative service settings) and dissatisfaction (for-co-destructive service settings).
The acceptance and continued usage of open source data science and advanced analytics technologies
Due to the ubiquity of open source technologies in data science, organizations started to lean towards open source ecosystems. With the increasing number of citizen data scientists in organizations, individuals in business units with non-technical backgrounds also need to adopt and utilize these technologies. This signifies a substantial change for individuals who are used to working with proprietary technologies for which relying on a major vendor is inherently more reassuring. To address this problem, we develop and test a model that examines the trust-based determinants of the continued use of open source data science and advanced analytics technologies (OSDST) in organizations. We conducted a field survey methodology for data collection purposes. We used Partial Least Squares Structured Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) to test the model's validity and the hypothesized relationships. Our results indicate that trust in OSDST strongly influences usefulness perceptions and user satisfaction. We have also found that situational normality and trust in the data science community are two direct determinants of trust in OSDST. Further, compared to the top management championship, we found that the championship of co-workers plays a more central role in shaping trusting beliefs. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study investigating the individual use of OSDST in organizations, where most individuals actively adopt and utilize open source technologies for the first time.
Consumer-level factors that moderate the success of private label brands: Hedonic versus utilitarian products
Private labels with increasing market shares and improving quality perceptions are a worldwide phenomenon receiving attention from both academicians and professionals. Taking the consumer perspective, this study with its large-scale survey examines the predictive power of consumer-level factors such as price consciousness, price quality associations, brand loyalty and quality variability on private label brand purchase intentions with multiple regression analyses. The unique contribution of this paper is analyzing private label purchase decisions by comparing hedonic products to utilitarian products. As a result, we see consumers exhibit different behaviors toward them. Results showed that consumers are more prone to buy PLBs when it is an utilitarian good and perceive less quality variability among different brands of the utilitarian good. On the other hand, people are more brand-loyal for hedonic goods and make higher price quality associations compared to utilitarian goods. The Regulatory Focus Theory, people's dominant regulatory focus, is also integrated into the model, but consumers' dominant regulatory focus did not exhibit any significant predictive power on private label purchase intention according to the regression analysis. Demographics such as age, education, income level and household size are other independent variables in the regression analysis, and some of them proved to be significant for one of the two product types.
Psychological capital: Links to support, job engagement and organizational commitment
Psychological Capital: Links to Support, Job Engagement and Organizational Commitment Positive psychology discipline is concerned with the positive emotions, positive behaviors and supportive institutions with an aim of understanding both human suffering, happiness and their enablers. Under the positive psychology discipline, psychological capital construct emerged to help us understand developmental capacity of individuals in terms of having self-efficacy to spend necessary endeavors to achieve goals, feeling optimistic about success, having hope and perseverance towards goals and being resilient when encountered by obstacles. This study's main purpose was understanding the impact of psychological capital on affective commitment and job engagement. For this objective, responses from 206 employees from different industries and various occupations were collected with a two-phased questionnaire. The results showed that psychological capital had an important influence on affective commitment and job engagement along with a strong relationship with workplace support. Furthermore, there was the full mediation effect of psychological capital between perceived organizational support, supervisor support, coworker support and job engagement. The results of this study are providing future researchers with support that PsyCap is an important construct which needs to be investigated when studying employee outcomes and workplace support. Since the research of psychological capital has been developing recently, more research and attention are needed for its understanding and prediction on employee outcomes.